Mobile Phones Marketing Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Mobile Phones Marketing - Case Study Example As wireless technologies evolve the coming mobile revolution will bring dramatic and fundamental changes to the world. This revolution has already begun and is gaining momentum. The revolution will impact numerous facets of our daily lives and the way business is conducted and will provide important data in real time to assist decision makers exert great influence on communications between businesses and their customers and transform the way we live our lives. The challenges facing mobile services, such as changes in business strategies, investment risk, limitations in mobile devices, networking problems, infrastructure constraints, security concerns, and user distrust in mobile applications and these provoke the researcher's issues such as killer applications, usability, user interfaces, mobile access to databases, and agent technologies. To remain competitive, mobile-device vendors, developers, and network operators must provide end users with a rich and satisfying experience. Mark eting have a great role in promoting wider and broader concept of IT business. Now we should see what are Apple iPhone and RIM Blackberry Smart Phones and what all concepts and business models have been used by both. Data is mainly collected through secondary sources. Collection of information is called a data. Data is of two types. They are primary data and secondary data. Primary data are those which are collected a fresh and for the first time and thus happen to be original in character. Secondary data are those which have already been collected by someone else and which have already been passed through statistical process. Secondary data may be published or unpublished data .For this particular study secondary data used is "Market led strategic change" of Prof. Nigel F. Piercy, which is used as marketing tool and its concept. Secondary data is used for preparing company profile, and previous reports. Apple iPhone and RIM Blackberry: With all of the millions of iPhones already used by highly satisfied users including many corporate executives Apple has been pushed to add features to the iPhone to make it easier for IT staff to manage and integrate into the existing systems. This will enable iPhone users to gain access to server updates pushed from Exchange as they are updated on the server, rather than requested by the client at regular intervals like a typical email program. "When Apple announced that the iPhone would incorporate Exchange support through ActiveSync, they specifically pointed out some shortcomings of RIM's server-based system." (Kim 2008). Apple also highlighted the thousand of existing web-based applications that already work on the iPhone. One major challenge Apple faces in bumping the iPhone up to 3G is that it will require more battery power to operate and the iPhone already has significantly shorter battery life than comparing with other phones. So the company will need to improve the device's battery life but for the current users frequently need to recharge their battery every day. "Apple has given technology managers their iPhone wish list in full in an effort to make its phone more business friendly. The mission: Lure enough enterprises to the iPhone so Apple can hit its 10 million unit goal by the end of 2008." (Dignan 2008). Apple IPhone is the multimedia mobile phone, which enable internet connectivity with touch screen, virtual keyboard, camera phone and portable media player (ipod) along

Hrm Between Hai Di Lao and Little Sheep Essay Example for Free

Hrm Between Hai Di Lao and Little Sheep Essay Human resource aspect Hai Di Lao Trust and Equality Hai Di Lao few employees recruited from the community, most of the existing staff introduced to friends and relatives. They are all familiar with each other in the environment, whether good or bad, are easy to spread and grow. Hai di Lao try to implement a trust in the values of quality. More important than the expansion Hai Di Lao employee orientation is very simply, only 3 days. It is mainly about the lives of common sense and some basic knowledge of service. the real training is practical after entering the store. Each new employee will have a teacher mentoring. Rather than hiring external trainers, Hai Di Lao selects the company’s best performers to prepare new employees for the tasks ahead. They experience of values and human service concept, learn to deal with different problems than those of fixed service action norms more difficult. Employee welfare Employee compensation goes beyond financial reward, the company also looks after employee welfare from high quality housing to company excursions to free education for children of employees. hey also cover the parents insurance for the employees who had good performance. Employee empowerment Full delegation of authority to the staff, can greatly stimulate the creativity of employees. For example, the services that Hai Di Lao provides for the customers, such as nail polishing, etc, were created by the staff in their daily work. In addtion, Hai Di Lao also provides that any of the staff is no need to consult the manager with giving customers discounts. Xiao Fei Yang Workforce diversity Now days, globalization is not of interest only to large firms, more and more companies are opening up foreign markets to international trade and investment. As a Chinese hot pot restaurant in Korea, it requires the employees to be international. The proportion of Chinese and Korean employees is 1 to 1, as what Hai Di Lao does, the new employees will have teacher mentoring. Especially Korea attached great importance to culture etiquette, the employees must aware of etiquette. Rewarding the staff With then part-time staff, Xiao Fei Yang provides a vote per month, the more satisfied customers are, the more â€Å"smiley face† the staff would earn. By the end of every month, two of the highest voted staff would get salary raised. And for the regular staff, if their performance are approved by the manager and customers, they would receive bonus. Dealing with customers If there is any issue happen between staff and customers, staff will immediately contact the manager to deal with, in the meantime, they will try to meet customer needs.

Presenting Language Through Texts English Language Essay

Presenting Language Through Texts English Language Essay Texts have been used in language classrooms for many years. There are many reasons for teachers using texts. Firstly, they use texts as a linguistic objects. Secondly, they use texts as vehicle for information. And for the last reason, they use texts as a springboard for production. So texts in language teaching have played the important role in language learning and teaching. The most effective texts in learning process are authentic materials. Leaning English through authentic materials will make the learners feel like the are in the a real language situations. The atmosphere of the classrooms are alive. Research studies on the use of authentic materials reveal that it can promote the students motivation, positive attitude, involvement and interest on the subject. There are several kinds of authentic materials which are audio, visual, printed materials and multimedia materials. The multimedia materials are involved audio, video and graphic presentations. All of these materials are applied for communicating specific dispatches in real situations. Authentic audio materials : 1. Music, news and other audio materials available on the internet 2. TV programming including movies, commercials, quiz shows, cartoons, news and weather 3. Radio including ads, music and sales pitches 4. Taped or eavesdropped conversations, such as one-sided phone conversations 5. Meetings, talks 6. Announcements in airports and stores 7. Professionally audio-taped short stories and novels Authentic visual materials : Images and graphs available on the internet photographs painting and drawings, childrens artwork wordless street signs pictures from magazines, postcards, wordless picture books stamps x-rays coins and currency clocks phones Halloween masks and other holiday decorations Authentic printed materials : web based printed materials available on the internet newspapers including articles, movies reviews and advertisements, astrology columns, sports reports, obituary columns, advice columns, classified ads reports, obituary columns, advice columns, classified ads lyrics to song restaurant menus street signs food product labels such as cereal boxes, candy wrappers tourist information brochures university catalogs telephone books maps magazines including TV guides, comic books, catalogs greeting cards, letters grocery coupons and flyer pins or t-shirt with messages bus schedules mail including bills , missing children flyers and junk mail flyers, posters, billboards school notices forms including leases, tax forms, applications, medical history forms Authentic multimedia materials : TV, Video programmes of various kinds podcasting on the internet we based programes involving multimedia use There are criteria for teachers to consider for choosing the authentic materials for classroom use. Firstly, the interest of the students, the teacher has to ensure that the chosen materials suit the age, interest and background of the students. Secondly, the purpose of language learning, teachers must consider the information in the chosen materials are of value to the learners. Thirdly, the cultural appropriateness, some materials are produced on the basis of the native speakers, the learners might not familiar with the culture of the contexts. Thus, the teachers should carefully select the appropriate second language contexts. Fourthly, the language level, the group of students are different levels like beginner, intermediate or advanced students .because the authentic materials are not made to fit the learning purposes so the teachers must choose the kind of comprehensible input which is slightly difficult in order to sustain their motivation. Lastly, the quality of the materials may be concerned. The chosen texts must have the quality of the text organization and the appropriate picture use. In the same time, the teachers must attentively check for errors and spelling mistakes of the texts. 614 Using authentic materials have great benefits or advantages, specially for the second language learners of English. A large number of evidences of research studies have revealed a wide range of advantages. Firstly, the learners will expose to a wide range of natural language. Next, the reality and the meaningful interactive are brought into classroom. Then, there is a connection between the classroom and the outside world. The teaching and assessment focus on the 4 skills which the facts of language are not included. Moreover, the important objective is not a memorization for the examination but for the communicative proposes. For the next reason, the authentic texts can help the teachers accessing the ready, available, attractive and inexpensive resources of the texts as well as bring the variety to the classroom activities. So, the students have opportunities to practice the skills learnt in the classroom in the outside world when they meet them in the real situations. 771 Using the authentic materials also have some problems. Some kinds of materials may include difficult language and unusual vocabulary items which are not being used in the daily life basis. These kinds of problems cause a burden to the teachers. So to solve the problems, the teachers should carefully pick the authentic materials by using the above mentioned criteria. For instance, the notices, bottled labels and reservation forms are used for the lower level learners. Whereas, the advanced levels need more complex materials. 854 Thornbury claimed that language always happens as text and not as isolated words and sentences Therefore, the basis of foreign language teaching is handling texts for both written and oral. There are three acronyms that have been used to describe texts TALO : Text as a linguistic object A TALO text is used for language work, specifically grammar or vocabulary. TALO texts : are written especially with a pedagogical purpose in mind could be authentic texts the teacher has chosen because they contain lots of examples of a particular feature of language, could be authentic texts adapted to contain or highlight certain features of language. TAVI : Text as a vehicle for information A TAVI text has a different focus. Information within the text is seen as more important than the language. Students should understand the overall meaning of a text instead of ( or at least before ) the finer points of detail, TAVI texts : can be chosen because they are motivating, these texts are mainly authentic and based on communicative approach. TASP : Text as a Stimulus for Production A TASP means using texts as a springboard for another task usually a reading or writing task. TASP approaches also fit well with communicative approach. TASP type activities could be : doing a role play on the text, discussing issues raised by the text, having a debate about the points of view presented in the texts, writing a similar text about something the students know about writing a response to the text ( Verster 2005 ): TALO, TAVI, TASP. From : www.vgtu.it Texts based activities presented in the course book Information Technology are marking the statements as true or false, filling in the gaps in the statements, linking each pair of actions ( donating cause and effect ) by a time clause, matching the terms in table A with the statements in table B, making a list of the key features of the facility ( device ) students are reading about, matching the reviews of the facilities to their titles, writing a brief evaluation of the phenomenon you have read about ( at least by listing its good and bad points ), trying to guess the meaning of the given abbreviations, trying to paraphrase the statements, linking each set of sentences to make one sentence ( corresponding to the descriptions given in the text ), completing the forms to record the main details of the problem described in the text, working in pairs, studying the diagram to explain how facility works, putting the described events in sequence, finding words or phrases in the table which mean what is given in the statements below. 1091 From my experience as a teacher, I have been teaching young learners, mostly in the Phatom 1-3 students. And I have used several kinds of authentic materials in my class. For example, I use English songs and nursery rhymes when I would like to present new language to my students for promoting the motivation and engagement in learning of my students. Then, I use many pictures to present the new vocabulary in order to promote a better understanding of the meanings of the words. Sometimes, I have them read their favorable books from the bookshelf, so they can choose what ever they like. The examples of my authentic materials are : Five Little Speckled Frogs Five 5 little speckled frogs, Sitting on a hollow log, Eating some most delicious bugs, Yum, Yum. One 1 frog jumped in the pool, Where it was nice and cool, Now there are four 4 speckled frogs, Glub, glub. Four 4 little speckled frogs, Sitting on a hollow log, Eating some most delicious bugs, Yum, Yum. One 1 frog jumped in the pool, Where it was nice and cool, Now there are three 3 speckled frogs, Glub, glub. Three 3 little speckled frogs, Sitting on a hollow log, Eating some most delicious bugs, Yum, Yum. One 1 frog jumped in the pool, Where it was nice and cool, Now there are two 2 speckled frogs, Glub, glub. Two 2 little speckled frogs, Sitting on a hollow log, Eating some most delicious bugs, Yum, Yum. One 1 frog jumped in the pool, Where it was nice and cool, Now there is one 1 speckled frog, Glub, glub. One 1 little speckled frog, Sitting on a hollow log, Eating some most delicious bugs, Yum, Yum. One 1 frog jumped in the pool, Where it was nice and cool, Now there are no 0 speckled frogs, Glub, glub. From www. enchantedlearning.com My students really enjoy it. So they like English language too. And I have another example : Hark, Hark, The Dogs Do Bark! Hark, hark, the dogs do bark! The beggars are coming to town! Some in rags and some in tags, And some in velvet gowns. From www. enchantedlearning.com One, Two, Three, Four, Five One 1, two 2, three 3, four 4, five 5, Once I caught a fish alive. Six 6, seven 7, eight 8, nine 9, ten 10, But I let it go again. Why did I let it go? Because it bit my finger so. Which finger did it bite? The little one upon the right. From www. enchantedlearning.com Aesops Fables : The Ant and the Grasshopper In a field one summers day a Grasshopper was hopping about, chirping and singing to its hearts content. An Ant passed by, bearing along with great toil an ear of corn he was taking to the nest. Why not come and chat with me, said the Grasshopper, instead of toiling and moiling in that way? I am helping to lay up food for the winter, said the Ant, and recommend you to do the same. Why bother about winter? said the Grasshopper; we have got plenty of food at present. But the Ant went on its way and continued its toil. When the winter came the Grasshopper had no food and found itself dying of hunger, while it saw the ants distributing every day corn and grain from the stores they had collected in the summer. Then the Grasshopper knew: It is best to prepare for the days of necessity. The Ass and His Masters AN ASS, belonging to an herb-seller who gave him too little food and too much work made a petition to Jupiter to be released from his present service and provided with another master. Jupiter, after warning him that he would repent his request, caused him to be sold to a tile-maker. Shortly afterwards, finding that he had heavier loads to carry and harder work in the brick-field, he petitioned for another change of master. Jupiter, telling him that it would be the last time that he could grant his request, ordained that he be sold to a tanner. The Ass found that he had fallen into worse hands, and noting his masters occupation, said, groaning: It would have been better for me to have been either starved by the one, or to have been overworked by the other of my former masters, than to have been bought by my present owner, who will even after I am dead tan my hide, and make me useful to him. He that finds discontentment in one place is not likely to find happiness in another The Ass, the Fox, and the Lion THE ASS and the Fox, having entered into partnership together for their mutual protection, went out into the forest to hunt. They had not proceeded far when they met a Lion. The Fox, seeing imminent danger, approached the Lion and promised to contrive for him the capture of the Ass if the Lion would pledge his word not to harm the Fox. Then, upon assuring the Ass that he would not be injured, the Fox led him to a deep pit and arranged that he should fall into it. The Lion, seeing that the Ass was secured, immediately clutched the Fox, and attacked the Ass at his leisure. *Never trust your enemy

The Cost of Obedience :: Hitler Nazi Party German History Essays

The Cost of Obedience The Nazis follow through with Hitler's plan to exterminate the Jews. Many of the soldiers who work at the death camps were not even members of the Nazi party originally. However, most follow orders obediently It begins with one subject strapped into a chair and an electrode strapped to his arm. He is the "learner." The "teacher" is ordered to ask the learner questions and to shock the learner if he answers incorrect (New Life). t is 1919 in Germany. The Army's political department commands a young man named Adolf Hitler to investigate a group called the "German Workers' Party." Hitler ends up joining the group and takes over organization of the party's propaganda (Christy's sec. 15). The party is renamed the Nazi Party, and they adopt a flag with a swastika as their symbol. Hitler quits the army enabling him to devote more time to his party. The "teacher" starts of with low voltage shocks of 15 volts. With each shock the "learner" receives, the voltage is raised by 15 volts (New Life). It is 1921, and Hitler gains leadership over the German Worker's Party after threatening to quit. Hitler is an unlikely leader; he is short-legged, and has a hollow chest. He has a nervous tic in his face and is not a very imposing figure. When he speaks, he begins very nervously and his speeches are rambling (Nizkor). Nevertheless, Hitler is able to captivate his audience by controlling their emotions (Nizkor). He always speaks in the late evening when people are tired and their defenses are down. He makes dramatic entrances, usually escorted by storm troopers and a band playing a fanfare (Nizkor). Hitler exercises his power cautiously at first, but in 1923 he takes over a government meeting. Nazi storm troopers seize official buildings and Hitler is arrested on account of treason (Project GCSE sec. 2). Though Hitler spends the next ten years in prison, he and the Nazi party get incredible publicity (Project GCSE sec. 5). While Hitler is in jail he publishes Mein Kampf. Hitler is very devious in his writing of Mein Kampf. It is a glorified autobiography mixed with political propaganda, but he writes it like a fairy tale: In this little town on the river Inn, Bavarian by blood and Austrian by nationality, gilded by the light of German martyrdom, there lived, at the end of the '80's of the last century, my parents: the father a faithful civil servant, the mother devoting herself to the cares of the household and looking after her children with eternally the same loving kindness (Qtd. The Cost of Obedience :: Hitler Nazi Party German History Essays The Cost of Obedience The Nazis follow through with Hitler's plan to exterminate the Jews. Many of the soldiers who work at the death camps were not even members of the Nazi party originally. However, most follow orders obediently It begins with one subject strapped into a chair and an electrode strapped to his arm. He is the "learner." The "teacher" is ordered to ask the learner questions and to shock the learner if he answers incorrect (New Life). t is 1919 in Germany. The Army's political department commands a young man named Adolf Hitler to investigate a group called the "German Workers' Party." Hitler ends up joining the group and takes over organization of the party's propaganda (Christy's sec. 15). The party is renamed the Nazi Party, and they adopt a flag with a swastika as their symbol. Hitler quits the army enabling him to devote more time to his party. The "teacher" starts of with low voltage shocks of 15 volts. With each shock the "learner" receives, the voltage is raised by 15 volts (New Life). It is 1921, and Hitler gains leadership over the German Worker's Party after threatening to quit. Hitler is an unlikely leader; he is short-legged, and has a hollow chest. He has a nervous tic in his face and is not a very imposing figure. When he speaks, he begins very nervously and his speeches are rambling (Nizkor). Nevertheless, Hitler is able to captivate his audience by controlling their emotions (Nizkor). He always speaks in the late evening when people are tired and their defenses are down. He makes dramatic entrances, usually escorted by storm troopers and a band playing a fanfare (Nizkor). Hitler exercises his power cautiously at first, but in 1923 he takes over a government meeting. Nazi storm troopers seize official buildings and Hitler is arrested on account of treason (Project GCSE sec. 2). Though Hitler spends the next ten years in prison, he and the Nazi party get incredible publicity (Project GCSE sec. 5). While Hitler is in jail he publishes Mein Kampf. Hitler is very devious in his writing of Mein Kampf. It is a glorified autobiography mixed with political propaganda, but he writes it like a fairy tale: In this little town on the river Inn, Bavarian by blood and Austrian by nationality, gilded by the light of German martyrdom, there lived, at the end of the '80's of the last century, my parents: the father a faithful civil servant, the mother devoting herself to the cares of the household and looking after her children with eternally the same loving kindness (Qtd.

Personality Types in Children

Every Child Holds a Different Personality Anyone who has had children or has lived in a family with one or more sibling(s), would know that even though children or siblings have very similar DNA, it does not mean that they carry the same personality traits. Children develop into the person they choose to become. Children will carry either a passive, aggressive, passive-aggressive or assertive type of personality. These three personality types can describe a child as highly sensitive, self-absorbed or defiant. Parents also play a role in a child’s personality, challenging them to become more pleasant and open minded people.They can also teach them to be respectful and trust-worthy by showing them right from wrong and the proper way to correct their mistakes. A passive child is set off from the world. They believe that what they have to say does not matter, and allow their rights to be violated by failing to express their feelings. Passive children make little or no eye contact and speak in a low tone of voice. When asked questions they will often respond with, â€Å"I don’t know†, â€Å"Whatever you think†, â€Å" I don’t care† , â€Å" It doesn’t matter to me†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦etc. A passive child is said, â€Å"To live in their own world. They are difficult to excite and show little interest in things around them. Their facial expressions are often dull and in a class room setting they often have a difficult time staying on task (which is usually diagnosed as A. D. D. ) An aggressive child is always right. They will protect themselves at the expense of others (not caring about another child’s feelings). As an aggressive child he/she wants to win at all costs, and never want to be told what he/she has done wrong. The child grows up thinking that he/she will always have his/her way.Aggressive children are loud and often belittling to others. They are manipulative, controlling and often use physical and verbal abuse. A passive-aggressive child fulfills their own rights initially then follows with manipulations and vengeance. Their goal is to avoid conflict, but then make the other person wish they had seen that their way was better. A passive-aggressive child takes the risk but then acts surprised when people become mad. He/she will behave passively to a person’s face but then act aggressively when they are not around and often use sarcasm.Children seem to care about the desires and needs of others, but actually passively resist them and become hostile and angry. When demands are put on a child for performance, he/she will respond with some form of passive resistance, such as procrastinating, dawdling, stubbornness, deliberate inefficiency, pretending to be forgetful and showing unreasonable criticism to people in authority. It has been said that a passive-aggressive personality in a child is the hardest to deal with and children will often be put on medication for their behavior. An assertive child protects their own right without violating others.They look to find the solution to the problem and communicate with respect and understanding. Assertive children maintain eye contact, listen to others, are confident and strong, and ask for things in a respectful and clear manner. Of course in every parent’s eyes this is the, â€Å"perfect child. † But most children do not naturally hold this personality trait. It is the role of the parent that provides children with this form of personality. Discipline used in the proper way to correct a child behavior will make them more likely to grow and learn how to correctly act and respect others.A highly-sensitive child usually carries a passive personality. They are sensitive and shy, and behave with caution and fear. During infancy, a sensitive baby dislikes change, and becomes very clingy when put into new situations. Sensitive babies will avoid being assertive and restrict their range of exploration. In t heir early years, children may have excessive fears and worries and display shyness when trying to form friendships and interact with new adults. During late childhood, the child may feel anxious or panicky and have mood swings.Sensitive children are often quite sensitive to the feelings of other people; they might say that they can â€Å"read† other people through their expressions, body language, and voice tone. Because sensitive children are so in with the world, they tend to focus on the details of what they see, hear, and experience. They are often described as â€Å"visual learners. † A self-absorbed child is easy to bore, and will often show signs of being tired. As an infant, the child may seem quiet, sometimes even depressed and uninterested in exploring people or objects.Also the child may not respond quickly to touch, sound, or other stimuli. In early childhood a self-absorbed child may sit passively rather than explore their world. Unlike most toddlers they enjoy familiar routines. As they grow into an older child or teenager they appear to be rude, angry, and selfish. Self-absorbed children tend to like their own thought and fantasies more than the outside world and what is going on around them. Defiant children are negative, stubborn, and controlling. They often do the complete opposite of what is asked of them.They have a lot of difficulty with transition and need repetition, or slow change to stay on track. They often show signs of being compulsive and when given a task extra time is needed, because they tend to be perfectionist. During the infant stage the child may be fussy, difficult, and resistant to changes in their routine. As a toddler, when negative behavior is common to all children, they tend to be even more angry, defiant, and stubborn than most children at that age. As the child reaches teenage years they become argumentative and are caught in â€Å"power struggles†.Defiant children use passive defenses as a cop ing strategy, or they try to avoid difficult situations. There is not any two people who are alike, even identical twins (who have the same genetic make- up) have very different personalities. I believe children are born with a certain personality and as they grow older they respond to different situations that in a sense change their personality. They make themselves the person that they want to be. I also believe that the way children are raised by their parents plays a large roll.When parents teach their children right and wrong and the correct way to act in situations it allows the child to build their personality around what their parents say is right. And looking into the future will give the child a better chance of maturing into a more respectful adult. RESOURCE In high school I took a developmental psychology class my senior year. I retained a lot of information because I was so interested in the subject. For this paper I used notes and power points from that class which is drawn from the textbook: Developmental Psychology 7th edition written by David Shaffer.

Renters Insurance Essay Example

Renters Insurance Essay Example Renters Insurance Essay Renters Insurance Essay I chose to write my paper on renters insurance. I do not own the place where I live but I do own valuables that should be protected. I decided to contact an Allstate insurance agent for renter’s insurance options. I was informed that renters insurance is for anyone who rents a home, be it a house or an apartment. Renters insurance can protect your personal property against fire, theft and vandalism. Renters insurance does not just help provide coverage for everyday necessities like furniture and clothes. It also helps protect theft prone valuables like laptops and bikes, wherever taken. If something like a fire makes a home uninhabitable, renters insurance will cover the increase in costs of a place to live until it can be moved back into. RI will also replace personal belongings at replacement value, not just the depreciated value. RI can help provide protection in case of a liability lawsuit. This could occur in a situation where you are held responsible for, injury of another person or damage to another person’s property. Whether the incident occurred within your rented residence, or elsewhere. The amount of protection provided by RI depends on the coverage plan bought, how much coverage is bought, and which deductible is selected. Surprisingly the amount of protection provided by renters insurance is quite large. Had I not looked in to it I would have never known the full scope of coverage for this type of insurance and how beneficial and wise it can be to have renters insurance.

Customer Insight Research Paper

Customer Insight Research Paper Customer Insight Research Paper Introduction The aim of the interview of the interview was to find out some of the factors that motivate customers to choose online shopping and the factors that motivate other customers to opt for off-line sopping. The interview also sought to know and to establish the behavior patterns between the two groups of consumers, online and off-line shoppers. In the interview, customers started by identifying themselves either as online or offline shoppers, after which the interviewer asked them to describe the main reasons that motivate their mode of purchase, as well as their purchase patterns. The main reason of choosing questions aimed at identifying the motivation factors was to find out the differences between the two groups. For instance, a question such as; â€Å"why do you choose to buy products online?† was included in the interview questions because it gives the customer an opportunity to give a direct response that would give the interviewer a clear understanding of some of the factors. Analysis of Results The results of the online shoppers indicated that 45 percent of people in a highly competitive business environment would get out of the shops and make online payments at a discount of 2.5 percent. This shows that customers opting for online shopping and payment are enticed by the low price offers that retailers and wholesalers provide for such payments. The percentage increases to 60 percent for those customers who choose online shopping after getting a discount as high as 5 percent for all the purchases they make. Similarly, when retailers offer high discount rates which may reach 20 percent, only 13 percent of shoppers remain in selling stores to complete their purchases. These results are substantial evidence that online discounts are a motivating factor that influences the customers’ decision to purchase goods online. The survey also found out that the most common products bought online are electronics such as TVs, movies game items, laptops and audio equipment. However, many online shoppers showed little concern for home appliances such as fryers, kettles and vacuum cleaners. During the interview, the results also showed that show- rooming behavior is also significant feature that leaves many mortar and brick sellers with few offline customers. Many online customers reveled that show-rooming is anew habit that gives them an opportunity to compare prices from one store to another, just by the use of their mobile phones. Online customers also mentioned carrying out price comparisons from one in-store to another is more expensive compared to online stores. Online customers have changed their shopping to use the in-store premises as a step in their purchase processes, and not as the final point. Consumers decide to shop their household products because of instrumental reasons to achieve certain goals and because of experiential motives (Arnould Wallendorf, 1994, pp 486). However, in the interview, goal oriented customers tend to more common than experiential and instrumental oriented customers. Based on the interview, the interviewers employed 5 online and 5 offline groups and many online customers attributed their behavior to availability of information about the product, wide range of products and the opportunity to avoid unwanted contacts such as spouses or sales agents in the retail premises. The goal oriented online shopping gives rise to experiences that are too involving for customers (Batra Ahtola, 1999, pp 167), but which leads to little commitment to the buyers. Customers indicated that they buy online when they want, and have the convenience to abandon the shopping cart when they feel the products on sale are not pleasant. Whereas some customers ware more likely to explain their offline shopping rather than online shopping in experiential purposes, there was more experiential motivation for customers who choose to shop online than the offline shoppers. On the other hand, offline shoppers attribute their motivation to the social aspect and experiential benefits associated with visits to retail and wholesale in-stores. Many of these buyers describe online shopping as never enjoyable and sociable. They also described their liking for offline shopping as an opportunity to ask for a lot of information about the products they purchase. Others claimed that in- store purchases offers after sales services that many online stores were found to be lacking. Because of information security reasons (Citrin, Sprott, Silverman Stem, 2000, pp 298), some offline shoppers did indicate lack of trust that their card numbers and identification documents were safe if used to pay for goods online. A good number of off-line shoppers also indicated that the opportunity to bargain for good commodity prices motivates them to make purchases from in-store retailers since it enables them to save a lot of money. Another factor given by the offline shoppers for the dislike of online shopping is the difficulty experienced when inspecting a product or service that retailers sell online. This is attributed to internet shortcomings that do not enable a customer to employ other senses such a touch or taste, and consumers have to rely only on sight. Other offline customers dislike online shopping because of the fact that they have to wait for the product delivery, especially in cases of overseas shopping. Risks such as pilferage, perishable products and damage during transportation highly discourage some customers from shopping online (Chen Tan, 2004, pp 78). In this group of shoppers, the psychological risks are perceived to be more demotivating than even the financial risks. Thus, any initiatives by retailers to offer discounts on online goods and series does not some offline shoppers to change their shopping decisions. Customer behavior literature According to Foucault and Scheufele (2002, pp 411), in a study involving 1000 customers in the US, researchers used multiple hypothetical scenarios of showrooms of ten items with different prices to find out the behavior of online customers. The results showed that 44 percent of online customers used mobile phones to influence their purchase choices when purchasing goods online. The researchers also found out that when the price difference between the online and in-store products is more than 5 dollars, customers showed a preference for the online products. This is similar to the views given by online customers in the interviews conducted to understand consumer behavior for online shoppers. The US research further profiled their customers based on age and gender, and the outcome of the study indicated that young female shoppers made online purchases more frequently than any other age bracket. On the other hand, old male shoppers whose minimum age is 50 years came out as the group of shoppers who were easily swayed to make purchases offline in retail stores. Other customers who happened to get advice from sales agents were 12.5 percent likely to make purchases offline. The results of this study are similar to the outcome of the interviews conducted in the group survey, since many of the choices that a majority of shoppers made are similar in motive and influence. According to Wachman (2012, pp 14), people spent nearly 8 billion US dollars in December 2011 on goods bought 0onine despite the difficulty shopping experiences that are usually associated with the month of December. According to the Capgemini research, a business consultancy organization, people spent remarkable 68 billion US dollars online in the year 2011. This is an indication that the number f online shoppers is ever growing as people move from the conventional culture of in-store purchases. According to Graham (2012), in UK, online purchases account for 17 percent of the total retail business, and this predicted to increase with the growth in mobile technology. The number of retailers launching online stores is also growing at a remarkable rate. Other literature sources indicate that utilitarian or goal oriented shopping is understood to be rational, deliberate and efficient (Kelly, 1998, pp 45). Therefore, the online search provides the medium for this task because the costs associated with dramatically lower than in in-store search. Moreover, some shoppers prefer to carry out efficient searches on the online stores with remarkably few clicks of the computer to obtain the details they need. In line with the objectives of goal oriented online search, shoppers who employ internet services in their purchase tasks end up saving a lot of time. According to Modahl (2000, pp 67), some customers do not perceive online purchases to be shopping; rather they perceive it to be a â€Å"buying† experience. As well, other online shoppers believe that they only decide to buy products online when they are convinced that they need the particular product, which further describes online shopping to be attracting a majority of customers who have a planned activity. Some online shopping surveys indicated that offline shoppers are more impulsive than online shoppers, because of limited accessibility and convenience and the influence by sales people in retail stores. Unlike online shopping (Rayport, Sviokla, 1999, pp 89), offline shoppers are proud of the personal associations they establish with business owners, which can help them build loyalty. Such loyal customers have the advantage of accessing goods on credit, or on hire purchase agreements, a feature that online shoppers are denied. Other customers who enjoy using senses beyond the sense of sight are well placed to fulfill their pleasure by shopping online since in- store commodities provide them with the opportunity to touch, feel, smell or even taste some of the goods before they pay form them. As observed in the analysis of results in the section above, this was one of the reason some customers prefer getting goods from an in-store retail, as opposed to online stores. Some businesses perceive offline shopping to be appropriate over online shopping because it helps them manage the products that customers buy. For instance, as much a restaurant can employ online advertisement services, it cannot manage to serve its clients online (To, Liao Lin, 2007, pp 778). Similarly, an auto dealer may not be effective by leasing a car online, because of security and lease agreement procedures and requirements. Marketing strategy and recommendations In order to reap from the changes in consumer behavior, retailers have to be keen when designing their marketing techniques. A lot of focus should be on the provision of goods based on location and population features. As observed in the analysis of results, young female shoppers are most likely to spend more money shopping online than older male who are easily swayed by sales agents. Thus products which female consumers need to be marketed or sold online, while products meant for the old generation can be kept in in-retail premises. Many brands sold to the middle and low market ends continue to report poor sales results, while luxurious products that target high end customers are continuing to generate profits. This scenario is partly attributed to the spending behavior of consumers spending [patterns whereby middle and low income consumers are squeezed by inflation, while the wealthy are continuing to earn goo d income. In order to cope up with these market changes, retailers and wholesalers have to employ a wide range of marketing strategies that target each group of consumers in the market. E-retail business activities remain a significant component of the broad retail trend (Spiggle, 1994, pp 498), and marketers have to incorporate it in all the strategic company plans. Despite the reduction in consumers’ disposable income, online shopping continues to record impressive sales growth every year. In order to motivate a number of offline shoppers who are demotivated to shop online by psychological factors, retailers and companies need to implement appropriate initiatives that address the psychological concerns of such customers. Online grocery businesses are in the most sophisticated field, and to make the business efficient, they can give consumers the chance to choose the nearest collection and deliver points that enable consumers to access the products in reasonable time. Availability of storage facilities and frozen food is also a technique to see business people benefit from online ventures. It is worth noting that dealing with consumable goods such as drinks vegetables or fruits need a high standard of hygiene; thus, retailers need to ascertain the hygiene levels of the agents they appoint to distribute goods on the retailers’ behalf. By putting in place measures to encourage online shoppers develop loyalty in commodities and brands, organizations and companies need to incorporate information security protocols that will assure buyers of the safety of their bank accounts, and the need to trust the websites. Once customers are convinced that their details are safe, retailers will be able to provide for the needs of customers in order to attract other buyers.

How to Teach Your Students to Write Biography Poems

How to Teach Your Students to Write Biography Poems Biography poems, or Bio poems, are a quick and easy way for young students to learn poetry. They allow students to express their personality and introduce themselves to others, making them a perfect activity for the first day of school. Bio poems can also be used to describe someone else, making them perfect for history lessons or other subjects where students might be studying key historical figures. You will see in the examples below that students can research someone like Rosa Parks, then create a Bio poem on her. Example Bio Poems Here are three examples of Bio Poems. One is about a teacher, one is about a student, and one is about a famous person that students researched. Sample Bio Poem of a Teacher Beth Kind, funny, hard-working, loving Sister of Amy Lover of Computers, Friends, and Harry Potter books Who feels excited on the first day of school, sad when she watches the news, and happy to open a new book Who needs people, books, and computers Who gives help to students, smiles to her husband, and letters to family and friends Who fears war, hunger, and bad days Who would like to visit the pyramids in Egypt, teach the world’s greatest third graders, and read on the beach in Hawaii Resident of California Lewis Sample Bio Poem of a Student Braeden Athletic, strong, determined, fast Son of Janelle and Nathan and brother to Reesa Loves the Diary of a Whimpy Kid books, sports, and Baked Beans Who feels happy when playing with friends, and happy when playing sports and being with his family Who needs books, family, and Legos to by happy in life Who makes people laugh when someone is sad, who likes to gives smiles, and loves hugging Fears the dark, spiders, clowns Would like to visit Paris, France Resident of Buffalo Cox Sample Bio Poem of a Person Researched Rosa Determined, Brave, Strong, Caring Wife of Raymond Parks, and mother of her children Who loved freedom, education, and equality Who loved to stand up for her beliefs, loved to help others, disliked discrimination Who feared racism would never end, who feared she wouldnt be able to make a difference, who feared she wouldnt have enough courage to fight Who changed history by standing up to others and making a difference in equality Who wanted to see an end to discrimination, a world that was equal, and respect was given to all Born in Alabama, and resident in Detroit Parks

Pediatric Asthma Management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Pediatric Asthma Management - Assignment Example Physical examination will be carried out to check on the general appearance, hydration, respiratory and mental status. Physical examination of the 12 y/o patient will comprise of percussion, inspection, and auscultation. Under inspection, the nurse or health professional will observe the patient’s general color and appearance. There is a possibility of cyanosis during mild exacerbations where the patient’s color may remain pink. In the presence of asthma, an audible wheeze will be felt. For a severe case, the patient may have a barrel chest and manifestation of mildly enlarging work of breathing (Ricci & Kyle, 2009). In auscultation and percussion, an exhaustive examination of the lung fields is performed. The presence of wheezing signify airway obstruction, which can be different in the lung fields. Also, the patient will be checked for the existence of coarseness. Additionally, the adequacy of aeration will be assessed. In the event the airways are severely obstructed, the movement of air becomes poor that the wheezes may not be felt during auscultation. It is worth to note that percussion may produce hyper resonance (Ricci & Kyle, 2009). It is critical to perform some diagnostic tests to determine the severity of asthma. According to ATS Clinical Practice Guidelines, FENO is employed to underpin the diagnosis of asthma. Likewise, FENO utilized to determine eosinophilic airway swelling, direct dose titration of anti-inflammatory drugs, and forecast asthma relapse. Moreover, FENO can be used to assess adherence to anti-inflammatory drugs, predict asthma exacerbation and evaluate the possible reaction to anti-inflammatory medications (Davis, Eber & Koumbourlis, 2015). Another vital test is pulmonary function test that is a peak expiratory flow rate that uses a hand-held peak flow meter. The test will be done to examine initial and post-treatment airway obstruction in the 12 y/o

Short Story Theme Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Short Story Theme - Essay Example One day Mrs. Obrian heard a delicate thump at the kitchen entryway. When she opened the entryway, she saw Mr. Ramirez and two cops, one on each one side of him. Mrs. Obrian asked what had happened. To start with Mr. Ramirez was succeeding, and he did not appear to have words to clarify. Anyhow before long he said: "I have been here thirty months." Also, one of the policemen said that it was six months excessively long and that he just had an interim visa. At that point, Mr. Ramirez said: "So here I am, to let you know I must surrender my room." She inquired as to whether he was backtracking to Mexico. Also, he said that he was, once again to Lagos. Mrs. Obrian felt exceptionally sad for him. Mr. Ramirez had officially gathered his pack, and he gave the keys to Mrs. Obrian. He let her know that she had been a decent inhabitant, and he thanked her. Mrs. Obrian said that she was certain too bad. Moreover, after that Mr. Ramirez said that he would not like to about-face, because he prefe rred it there and needed to remain. He had worked there and earned a ton of cash, so he felt exceptionally miserable when he needed to backpedal to Mexico. Whats more, all of a sudden he expressed crying. His detaches were moving from under his eyelids. He connected his hands and took Mrs. Obrians hand intensely, shaking it, wringing it and expecting to remember. Moreover, afterward he said: "Mrs. Obrian, I see you never, I see you never!" The policemen grinned at this, yet Mr. Ramirez did not perceive it, and they quit grinning soon. Also, Mr. Ramirez proceeded with: "Farewell, Mrs. Obrian. You have respected me. Gracious, farewell, Mrs. Obrian. I see you never!" The title of this story and the conduct of the inhabitant, Mr. Ramirez, demonstrate that ungainly dialect or erroneous lingual authority can express significant contemplations. As Mr. Ramirez is leaving and saying farewell to his landowner, Mrs. Obrien,

Global Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Global Leadership - Essay Example Jordan also offered a similar peace treaty a year later. The Israelites had to choose between expansion of their territories or having peace and security with Egypt. Israel chose expansion over security and this led to the 1973 war. The war was an indication to Israel that Egypt cannot be under estimated and was a force to reckon with. It was later that Israel had to agree on the peace treaty offered in 1971, but this time, the national rights of Palestinians were recognized (Chomsky, 2010, p. 2). Obstacles of the Israel Palestinian conflict Negative perception by the leaders in dealing with this conflict is indicated by the fact that leaders do not recognize the existence of the rival state. The outgoing Prime Minister of Israel Shimon Peres had stated that the Palestinian State would never exist. To make the matters worse, the incoming Prime Minister, Netanyahu, went on to describe the intended Palestinian state as left over fragments or fried chicken (Chomsky, 2010, p. 9). United States policy has been indicated as one of the obstacles hindering the end of the Israel Palestinian conflict. Chomsky suggests that if the United States changes its policy, just as it did towards South Africa, then Israel will be compelled to join the rest of the world (Chomsky, 2010, p. 10).

Businesses Polluting In a Third World Country Essay

Businesses Polluting In a Third World Country - Essay Example This paper illustrates that businesses might choose to obey the rules that regulate pollution or risk the chance of being penalized for not obeying the pollution rules. Considering the financial requirement of the penalty in comparison to fixing the problem, most businesses would rather pay the ‘smaller’ penalty, than fix the problem. This is usually exacerbated by the fact that majority of most environmental problems are not addressed by the government. The existing regulations are neither implemented fully nor the penalties punitive enough. For instance, an American Company established in an African country would find it easy to pay fines imposed on them as the exchange rate favors them. Equally, the cost of ‘fixing’ the problem, such as moving a factory from a populated mining area is too high compared to the fine imposed on the same. Thirdly, businesses in the third world find it easy to pollute because their ‘home’ environment is not affect ed. This is usually the case chiefly because the existing regulations and repercussions are inferior to those in their ‘home’ country. The third world governments are also to blame for the increase in such activities because with poorly implemented rules and regulations, the majority of authorities are easily compromised can accept bribes. Some companies bent on polluting the environment and failing to take responsibility opts to entice the local authorities through bribery and ‘sweet’ deals that they cannot refuse. As a result, the regulations are imposed unfairly; hence exposing the country to ultimate disintegration. Third World countries (also known as the least developed countries), in addition to their poor economic conditions also suffer from the effects of extremely poor environmental conditions. As governments strive to address the most basic of their fundamental needs (food, clean water, and healthcare), pollution and other countless environmental problems are neglected; with pollution primarily remaining unrestricted.

FINAL WRITING PROJECT Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

FINAL WRITING PROJECT - Research Paper Example As a result, defendants do not have full access to their rights under the Sixth Amendment. Strickland v. Washington in 1984 depicts the problem of ineffective assistance. The US Supreme Court designed a two – prong test to set a standard for when counsel interfered with the rights of the defendant under the 6th Amendment. Despite the legal successes, practice is different. Missouri State Public Defender System (MSPDS) is a case of a system where public defenders are overworked, underpaid and insufficiently trained. This paper will first depict the development of the legal framework mandating every indigent defendant a right to counsel under the 6th Amendment. The cases Gideon v. Wainwright and Betts v. Brady will be discussed. Then, problems with effective counsel will be described and legal cases will be cited. The main case used will be Strickland v. Washington. Finally, MSPDS will be examined to argue that public defenders do not have adequate resources to properly prepare a case. Data on salaries, ratio of staff members and turnover rates will be used. John M. Walsh will be used as an example of an overworked defense attorney who ended up hurting not only his client, but also his entire career. The history of the 6th Amendment is often tracked to Gideon v. Wainwright. The case is important as the US Supreme Court ruled in favor of the petitioner, thus setting a precedent for all other courts across the USA. After Gideon v. Wainwright, every indigent defendant could refer to one’s rights established by this case. This case opened the door to other cases dealing with issues not directly pertaining to the right to counsel. These issues involve effective counsel and at what stage of the trial is the defendant entitled to receive assistance free of charge. Following paragraphs will describe how Gideon started the entire process by demanding access to his rights. Gideon was charged with and convicted of a misdemeanor. He â€Å"was charged in a

Japanese culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Japanese culture - Essay Example The researcher states that the Japanese constitution is believed to have some very serious translation errors; yes, rendition errors are part of this constitution since its origin. Article 9 of this Constitution relinquishes war or forbids the traditional warfare in Japan. Article 9 says. â€Å"Japanese people desire to renounce war and refer to international peace as a system of order and justice. They consider it an autonomous national right of the people of Japan and also abandon use of force as a means of settling international disagreements.† In order to come in compliance with this rule, sea, land, and air forces as well as other war related forces will never be sustained. The supreme right of bellicosity of the state will never be documented. The Japanese version and English version of Japanese Constitution differs to such an extent that most people are unable to comprehend that these two are just a translation of one another! As we all know that Americans wrote the Con stitution of Japan after World War II, weight of English version should be more than Japanese one but Japanese version is considered as the original, source document and what is written in it matters most to the Japanese than English one. The Constitution of Japan was written by U.S Occupation Authority and MacArthur in the wake of World War II. And then it was converted into Japanese. The Constitution bears keen interest among Japanese linguists and translators as it looks peculiar when translated into Japanese. (Wallace, 2011) The Constitution sounds very aberrant in Japanese, as if it wasn’t meant for this language. It looks very unnatural and peculiar. In English, the later paragraph says, â€Å"sea, land, and air forces as well as other war related forces will never be sustained†. However, the Japanese take it differently; instead of ‘will never be sustained’, they say ‘will not be sustained’ or ‘shall not be sustained’. The Japanese have not used the word â€Å"never† anywhere in the text. Neither had they expressed it in a written form or implied it anywhere. During the course of time, English version had become the accepted one and Japanese one had been rejected. Strategists and scholars outside of Japan rely on the English version when considering Japanese policy and politics. (Wallace, 2011) The English version is found in modern Japanese politics and history, in college textbooks, in media reports, and is used as a model for all other countries of the world in relation to pacifistic propensities and anti-war strategies. Bilingual experts have seen the dispute between the Japanese version and English version long ago. But, until recently it wasn’t seen that a modification to Japanese constitution was likely to take place, so this impediment of translation was not given a second thought. Now, if the Japanese alter their Constitution or not, it does not genuinely matter as Article 9 doe sn’t say anything permanent. (Language Realm) This translation error in the Constitution does imply to the fact that Japan has one of the best equipped and third biggest military in the entire world. Japan uses its self defense forces in military action. This is a clear contradiction to its Article 9 of the Constitution as of the English version of the Constitution. The translation issue is regarded as less important due to the truth that Japan is keeping fast breeder reactors and is likely to become a nuclear country within twelve months of actually deciding to be one. But, this is reality is also important that the words in Japanese Constitution are not only taken gravely by people around the globe, but by Japanese themselves as well. (Language Realm) In 2009, an annual poll conducted by Yomiuri on revising the Constitution of Japan once again found out that a clear majority-51.6 is in favor of the revision. The

Businesses Polluting In a Third World Country Essay

Businesses Polluting In a Third World Country - Essay Example This paper illustrates that businesses might choose to obey the rules that regulate pollution or risk the chance of being penalized for not obeying the pollution rules. Considering the financial requirement of the penalty in comparison to fixing the problem, most businesses would rather pay the ‘smaller’ penalty, than fix the problem. This is usually exacerbated by the fact that majority of most environmental problems are not addressed by the government. The existing regulations are neither implemented fully nor the penalties punitive enough. For instance, an American Company established in an African country would find it easy to pay fines imposed on them as the exchange rate favors them. Equally, the cost of ‘fixing’ the problem, such as moving a factory from a populated mining area is too high compared to the fine imposed on the same. Thirdly, businesses in the third world find it easy to pollute because their ‘home’ environment is not affect ed. This is usually the case chiefly because the existing regulations and repercussions are inferior to those in their ‘home’ country. The third world governments are also to blame for the increase in such activities because with poorly implemented rules and regulations, the majority of authorities are easily compromised can accept bribes. Some companies bent on polluting the environment and failing to take responsibility opts to entice the local authorities through bribery and ‘sweet’ deals that they cannot refuse. As a result, the regulations are imposed unfairly; hence exposing the country to ultimate disintegration. Third World countries (also known as the least developed countries), in addition to their poor economic conditions also suffer from the effects of extremely poor environmental conditions. As governments strive to address the most basic of their fundamental needs (food, clean water, and healthcare), pollution and other countless environmental problems are neglected; with pollution primarily remaining unrestricted.

Japanese culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Japanese culture - Essay Example The researcher states that the Japanese constitution is believed to have some very serious translation errors; yes, rendition errors are part of this constitution since its origin. Article 9 of this Constitution relinquishes war or forbids the traditional warfare in Japan. Article 9 says. â€Å"Japanese people desire to renounce war and refer to international peace as a system of order and justice. They consider it an autonomous national right of the people of Japan and also abandon use of force as a means of settling international disagreements.† In order to come in compliance with this rule, sea, land, and air forces as well as other war related forces will never be sustained. The supreme right of bellicosity of the state will never be documented. The Japanese version and English version of Japanese Constitution differs to such an extent that most people are unable to comprehend that these two are just a translation of one another! As we all know that Americans wrote the Con stitution of Japan after World War II, weight of English version should be more than Japanese one but Japanese version is considered as the original, source document and what is written in it matters most to the Japanese than English one. The Constitution of Japan was written by U.S Occupation Authority and MacArthur in the wake of World War II. And then it was converted into Japanese. The Constitution bears keen interest among Japanese linguists and translators as it looks peculiar when translated into Japanese. (Wallace, 2011) The Constitution sounds very aberrant in Japanese, as if it wasn’t meant for this language. It looks very unnatural and peculiar. In English, the later paragraph says, â€Å"sea, land, and air forces as well as other war related forces will never be sustained†. However, the Japanese take it differently; instead of ‘will never be sustained’, they say ‘will not be sustained’ or ‘shall not be sustained’. The Japanese have not used the word â€Å"never† anywhere in the text. Neither had they expressed it in a written form or implied it anywhere. During the course of time, English version had become the accepted one and Japanese one had been rejected. Strategists and scholars outside of Japan rely on the English version when considering Japanese policy and politics. (Wallace, 2011) The English version is found in modern Japanese politics and history, in college textbooks, in media reports, and is used as a model for all other countries of the world in relation to pacifistic propensities and anti-war strategies. Bilingual experts have seen the dispute between the Japanese version and English version long ago. But, until recently it wasn’t seen that a modification to Japanese constitution was likely to take place, so this impediment of translation was not given a second thought. Now, if the Japanese alter their Constitution or not, it does not genuinely matter as Article 9 doe sn’t say anything permanent. (Language Realm) This translation error in the Constitution does imply to the fact that Japan has one of the best equipped and third biggest military in the entire world. Japan uses its self defense forces in military action. This is a clear contradiction to its Article 9 of the Constitution as of the English version of the Constitution. The translation issue is regarded as less important due to the truth that Japan is keeping fast breeder reactors and is likely to become a nuclear country within twelve months of actually deciding to be one. But, this is reality is also important that the words in Japanese Constitution are not only taken gravely by people around the globe, but by Japanese themselves as well. (Language Realm) In 2009, an annual poll conducted by Yomiuri on revising the Constitution of Japan once again found out that a clear majority-51.6 is in favor of the revision. The

Social Isolation and the Female, Live in Domestic Worker in South Africa Essay Example for Free

Social Isolation and the Female, Live in Domestic Worker in South Africa Essay In a world which tends to discriminate against race, gender and class, many black, female, lower class women face an uphill battle in day to day life. Those who manage to find employment often work as domestic workers in the homes of the more elite. These women often serve many roles within a household such as nanny, cook and cleaner. Many of these women become live in maids for the convenience of their employers. This study takes a qualitative approach in examining why these women are prepared to leave their families and face such social isolation. Using one women’s story of life as a live in domestic worker this study delves into the reality of day to day life in post apartheid South Africa. This allows one a unique opportunity into a personal perspective of those previously disadvantaged and even though the sample is not big enough to generalize with the study is relevant in that it provides a framework and the motivation to pursue further studies in this area. One must also take into account that even though one person’s experiences may be narrow, their perspectives may reflect those of a greater population and therefore must always be considered relevant in some way. Literature Review Many female South African domestic workers live in the houses of their employers. This may be isolating and lonely for some. This qualitative study seeks to observe the effect this has on ladies who are particularly far from their families. Many domestic workers in South Africa are migrants from upper Africa who are already culturally isolated, by becoming live in they may experience social and class isolation. This interview tells the story of a female live in domestic worker who, although South African, has followed her job more than ten hours away from her family and support network. The key issue here is social isolation. For one to be socially isolated one is living without companionship, social support and connectedness. One has no one to turn to for day to crisis and it is not surprising that the stress of such a situation is associated with poorer health. It is also associated with things like poor life meaning, levels of satisfaction and well being. The socially isolated even have a higher consumption of health care resources and unfortunately fare badly in acute interventions such as cardiovascular surgery. The socially isolated are far more highly linked to mental illness, distress, dementia, suicide and premature death (Hawthorne, 2006). Social isolation is therefore a grave matter and with findings like this the western ritual of paying domestic workers to live in and possibly in turn become socially isolated should seek ethical approval. Social Isolation In Graeme Hawthorne’s study he points out that social isolation is most connected to personal relationships, or rather lack thereof. He points out that within this things like neighbourhood friendliness, social initiation, geographic location and ethnicity play a large role in determining isolation. Ethnicity plays a large role in the social isolation of a domestic worker because although interacting with others they are not around those of their own ethnicity. Hawthorne’s study investigates the validity of a psychometric scale to measure social isolation and therefore defines the concept well, giving one a well rounded perception of this sort of isolation. His study found that the ‘friendship scale’ was a reliable tool when measuring social isolation and would therefore prove to be an interesting second measure when looking at social isolation of female domestic workers in South Africa (Hawthorne, 2006). To follow up this quantitative research with a reliable psychometric scale may yield fuller results. This together with a larger sample of domestic workers would make this study far more reliable and conclusive. In interviewing one participant many gaps are left, for instance this case shows a very positive employer-employee relationship however this cannot simply be generalized to the rest of the South African population and therefore cannot be used for much in the line of determining where change is needed. Race, gender, class post apartheid changes. Race, gender and class come up in any study such as this, especially when the country has a history a rife of that of South Africa. Although these discriminatory themes are still a serious issue in South Africa, past studies do show that things may have improved vastly since even the late apartheid era. A study by Hickson and Strous (1993) depicts a far worse picture than the results of this interview, with complete lack of care for the humanity of the worker, poor live in living conditions and low, often non-monetory salaries (Hickson Strous, 1993). This study shows a problem which has to a large extent lessened with many domestic workers well supported by the families for which they work. Shireen Ally goes as far as to say that post apartheid South Africa has launched one of the most extensive efforts to protect domestic workers. These efforts have surely paid off in many ways as pay in itself has improved on a great scale. Just the fact that domestic workers are politically recognized and are able to form unions was a big step out of the apartheid days (Ally, 2008). A later study by Jennifer Fish shows that although social change on a public level has dramatically revolutionised, the micro scale of everyday interactions still has a long way to go. Therefore although things have changed in certain areas many domestic workers are still being subjected to very discriminatory treatment as a result of their race, class or gender (Fish, 2006). Due to these present and past discriminations there remains an air of elitism among employers. This air may serve as a barrier to connectedness between employer and employee. This lack of connectedness to those around the live in employee leads to social isolation with grave consequences. The live in dometic worker A study by Hondagneu-Sotelo shows some benefits of domestic workers who do not live in. It provides an interesting alternate perspective. This study followed immigrant Mexican women in California. These women are isolated from their culture, country and often family. However the fact that they are not live in provides them with networking opportunities. They mostly work numorous jobs a week and in doing so interact with many other women who, although not always even similar in ethnicity, provide a support structure for each other. This structure helps the women to learn skills like negotiating fair pay and more importantly provides them with connectedness and social interaction (Hondagneu-Sotelo, 1994). This study when compared to studies on live in domestic workers may yield a more healthy and ethical alternative and therefore is very relevant to this topic. Method This studied used a qualitative approach to research. Such an approach allows for great depth of research rather than great breadth. Qualitative research allows for more understanding into why people behave in certain ways or how they think rather than focussing simply on what they do or believe (Ambert, Adler, Adler Detzner, 1995). This makes it suitable for research on the attitudes and perspectives of the less heard groups of people, like domestic workers. It allows for true feelings and attitudes to be revealed and therefore gives far greater insight into the life and trials of a domestic worker. The method used to obtain information was that of a semi structured interview. This is an interview guided by questions but not strictly so. It is a highly beneficial means in many ways. It obtains macu relevant information, the audience is specifically targeted, it is structured to allow comparisons, can be used on sensitive topics, and allows for new areas of interest to emerge as one is able to diverge from the topic if necessary. The disadvantages however are that interviewing skills are required and that it is a time consuming and resource intensive process. There is also always a risk of interviewer bias as the interviewer is a just a human being interacting with another human being (Cozby, 2005). The participant in this study was a 53 year old black lady from originally Vryburg. She is the domestic worker of my father’s girlfriend and therefore has had much contact with me prior to the interview. Although she was a very willing participant this may have affected the way in which she answered questions. She was promised complete confidentiality which should have helped her to feel comfortable to say what she wants, however there is still the possibility she may have held back especially in regard to her feelings about her employer, you may notice she only said positive things about this which leaves room for the unsaid negative. However she seemed comfortable and relaxed throughout the interview. Being from a higher class to that of the participant may have limited the interview somewhat. The interviewee may have felt I cannot relate to her and therefore shared less of her experiences. Perhaps in further research of this kind it would be beneficial to train ex-domestic workers to conduct interviews. By doing so the participant would stand on common ground with the interviewer. Although the participants English was extremely good it is not her first language and perhaps if I were able to conduct the interview in her first language it ould have been more welcoming and she might have expressed herself far better. Results The interview shed light on five major themes. These themes may not all be entirely relevant to the question posed, however that’s the beauty of qualitative research, one often finds far more than one was looking for and this opens up new areas to be researched. Gender, class race effects It became apparent that the participant views of herself and capabilities were constructed closely around what would be expected of a black, lower class women. She aspired to nursing and then as a second resort chose domestic work. Passive acceptance Throughout the interview the participant never once shows a strong desire to change her situation even though she does not seem entirely satisfied with it. She accepts the situation and does not seem to see a way out of it. Isolation The participant admits to wanting to be around her family. She very rarely socializes with someone she calls a friend and this lack of companionship must be very lonely. Self sacrifice The participant seems to feel that even though she is not satisfied the fact that she is able to support her family is enough for her. This may link up to the theme of gender in that as a women she may feel her happiness is less important than serving her husband and family. Money Money is a large theme that appeared in this study. The participant mentions it numerous times and it seems highly relevant in her job satisfaction. Being able to support her family financially appears more important than being there with them. This theme also fits in with that of self sacrifice. Discussion Some of these themes that arose relate closely to the literature reviewed. Race, class and gender tie in closely with the literature on domestic work during apartheid and the after effects thereof. Having constructed her hopes around what a person of her position should expect to hope for she has left no room for disappointment and is possibly protecting herself. This is perhaps a coping method. The participant seems to identify the positive in most situation, thereby holding onto the all the dignity and satisfaction possible. This study however broke away from any literature which depicted the new South Africa as still lacking change on a micro level. The participant seems well looked after by her employee and seems to like this aspect of her career, ‘ miss X has helped my family alot over the years’. Social isolation becomes clear throughout the interview. As Hawthorne says social isolation occurs as a result of a lack of personal relationships, and this is very apparent in the life of the participant (Hawthorne, 2006). She seems to long for her family, ‘if I could live with my family that would be better ’. This could be having serious effects on her health as she ages. Although the participant seems to think being a live in domestic is beneficial in her case, Hondagneu-Sotelo argues that the social networks developed amongst part time workers are highly beneficial and supportive to women who are otherwise isolated. Money and benefits seem to stand out almost the most in this study. In asking questions unrelated to money the participant answers saying that the pay is good, showing the great emphasis she puts on it. This theme is the most probable answer to the research question posed. The participant’s main reason for being willing to isolate herself from her family, culture and class is money. She wants nothing more than to support her family and make sure her children are educated. The fact that her employer is generous and she has been able to do this leaves her at terms with her social isolation. Further research into her stress and isolation levels at a quantitative or psychometric level my yield clearer results, this study however demonstrates that there is a ground for such research and that it may be beneficial. Physical health tests of live in as opposed to live out domestic workers may also lead to interesting literature on this matter. Conclusion This study has therefore provided an in depth account of a problem which possibly demands more consideration, showing that some women are prepared to sacrifice almost their whole life in order to support their loved ones inancially. Although the situation shown here is somewhat undesirable this study has also depicted many positive changes of the post 1994 South Africa with the participant saying she is looked after well by her employee. This study therefore not only met its aim of finding out why women are prepared to live in, but also uncovered other interesting research areas. Hopefully in the future these other topics will be covered more extensively.

Ebola Virus Explained Essay

Ebola Virus Explained Essay Introduction Ebola virus is one of the most virulent and lethal pathogens known to human. Ebola virus epidemics have emerged from time to time since it was first discovered in 1976 from the Democratic Republic of Congo, formerly known as Zaire, but the largest known Ebola virus outbreak up to date is ongoing at the time of writing this article, in West Africa. Approximately 550 000 cases are estimated to be reported from Sierra Leone and Liberia by the 20th of January 2015. The transmission of the infection to a number of countries including Guinea, Liberia, Sierra Leone, Nigeria and occasional cases being reported from USA, Canada, Netherland and India reveal the potential of the infection to get spread worldwide. Despite this disease being highly contagious, life-threatening, and no specific treatment being found, it can be prevented with the use of proper infection prevention and control measures. The study of the Ebola virus disease is important as that knowledge will pave the way for the red uction of victims, the invention of an effective drug and will also be useful in the management of a similar epidemic. Virology Ebola virus is a member of the family Filoviridae. As the name implies the virus is filamentous in shape. Marburg virus and Ebolavirus are the two main genera of the viral family which are medically important. Viruses of these two genera are studied and presented together due to their many similarities in the life cycle, the primary reservoirs, ways of transmission, clinical presentation, treatment and prevention measures. The only noted difference is that the Marburgvirus is spread by bat species adapted to open forests such as savannah whereas Ebolavirus is spread by bat species adapted to deep rain forests(1). Five subtypes of Ebolavirus namely, Ebolavirus zaire, Ebolavirus sudan, Ebolavirus reston, Ebolavirus cote d’ Ivore, and Ebolavirus bundibugyo have been identified and named after the area in which they were first discovered(1). Of these E. Zaire was the first to be isolated and studied(1) and it is responsible for the most number of outbreaks(1) including the latest outbreak in 2014 before which E. sudan accounted for  ¼ of all Ebolavirus deaths(1). Except for the slight lower fatality rate, E. sudan is more or less similar to E. zaire. The case fatality rate of E. sudan is reported as 40-60% and that of E. zaire as 60-90% (3). Transmission Ebola is initially transmitted to human as a zoonosis. Various species of fruit bats found throughout central and sub Saharan Africa as hosts (2),( 4). Contact with bats through bites and scratches or exposure to their secretions and excretions through broken skin or mucous membranes can cause the infection in humans (2), (4). The infection can also be transmitted through other end hosts. Those recorded from Africa are forest antelopes, porcupines, chimpanzees, gorillas, monkeys and other non-human primates. Attacks during hunting these animals or handling infected animal carcasses have resulted in the introduction of the virus to the human population from the wild (1).The outbreak of the epidemic begins with the subsequent transmission of the infection from the index case to secondary individuals. An outbreak often begins from a single introduction to a human from the wild, which involves virus variants of little genetic diversity. Records reveal that outbreaks stemmed from multiple introductions lead to distinct chains of human to human transmission with a greater diversity in the virus variants(5). EVD is highly contagious. The infection may spread in the community and in the hospital environment through direct contact with infected body fluids such as blood, secretions and excretions or tissue of an acute patient or through direct contact with contaminated materials like clothes and bed linen(1). One major reason for the rapid spread of the epidemic is the traditional funeral rituals, which include cleansing of the cadaver, removal of hair finger nails, toe nails and clothing. People taking care of infected people including health care staff also have a high risk of contracting the disease. Moreover semen of male survivors is said to remain infectious for up to 82 days after the onset of the symptoms. As long as the virus remains in the body fluids the person remains infectious. Airborne transmission of Ebola virus is strongly suspected but is not yet experimentally proven. Clinical Presentation EVD caused by different strains of Ebola virus bring about different clinical features. Incubation period of Ebola virus is generally considered as 2 – 21 days. (1, 3) Ebola virus disease shows various acutely developing constitutional prodromal symptoms which lead to a wide range of differential diagnosis including not only other viral haemorrhagic fevers, but also malaria (3), typhoid (3), cholera (1), other bacterial rickettsial and even non-infectious causes of haemorrhage. The evolution of the disease resembles that of a severe haemorrhagic fever. Patients present with high fever, temperatures being as high as 39-400C (3, 6), body aches and fatigue (3).Subsequently gastrointestinal symptoms such as epigastric pain nausea, vomits and /or diarrhoea without blood appear if fever persists until day 3 – 5 (6). After 4 – 5 days of illness (4) a macular rash may appear but it may not be clearly noticeable on dark skin (1). After this stage haemorrhage from different sites begin. Bleeding from both upper and lower digestive tract, respiratory tract, urinary tract, vagina in females can be observed (1, 3). Further petechiae on the buccal mucosa, skin and conjunctivae develop. Recurrent episodes of vomiting which prevents any oral intake of fluids and large amounts of watery diarrhoea (5 or more liters per day) (6) contributes to a massive fluid loss leading to dehydration. If fluid replacement is inadequate, prostration, severe lethargy and ultimately hypovolaemic shock follows. Hypovolaemic shock has been reported in 60% of the cases (6). Despite the high body temperatures, patients acquire cold extremities due to peripheral vasoconstriction. Rapid and thready pulses, tachypnea, oliguria or anuria can be observed (6). Simultaneously features such as asthenia chest and abdominal pains, pains in muscles and joints and headaches develop. Although in some cases cough and dyspnea occur due to pulmonary haemorrhages, other respiratory symptoms except for hiccups are uncommon (6). Conjunctival injection is a common clinical feature. Neurologic symptoms that are usually seen are hypoactive and hyperactive delirium characterized by slowed cognitive functions, confusion, agitation and rarely seizures (6). As the disease evolves internal bleeding can also start but generally by this time patients are already in a state of coma (1). It is reported that only 5% of the patients present with haemorrhage from gastro intestinal tract before death. Most of the reported deaths have occurred due to shock during the 7th to 12th day of illness. Symptoms of 40% of the patients have improved around the 10th day though symptoms like oral ulcers and thrush have developed. Most of the patients who survived up to the 13th day have shown a higher chance of ultimately getting recovered. Some patients who showed initial improvement of symptoms have developed neck rigidity and lowered levels of consciousness which are associated with late mortality. Pathology Examination of autopsies and post-mortem biopsies is extremely useful in the study of the pathology of the ebola virus disease. Due to the biosafety risk to the autopsy personnel when handling specimens, pathological descriptions of only a limited number of cases are available (7). A common finding of Haematoxilin and eosine stained tissue sections is oval shaped or filamentous eosinophilic intracellular inclusions which are formed by the aggregation of nucleocapsids of the virus. These inclusions can be detected in macrophages, hepatocytes, endothelial cells, connective tissue fibroblasts etc. Immunohistochemical stains reveal viral antigens in cells of various infected tissues including macrophages, dendritic cells, epithelial cells of sweat and sebaceous glands, interstitial and tubular cells of the kidney, seminiferous tubules, endothelial cells and endocardial cells. In addition necrotic cells and cell debris contain antigens in large quantities. Electron microscopy exhibits abundant free virus particles in alveolar spaces, liver sinusoids, and interstitial cells of the testis and in dermal collagen. Karyorrhexis and apoptosis are seen in the cells of the portal triads, macrophages of the red pulp of the spleen and in the tubular epithelial cells of the ki dney (7). Liver tissue shows the most symptomatic histopathological features including focal or widespread necrosis of hepatocytes and mild steatosis. Although usually inflammation is minimal, hyperplasia of kupfer cells and infiltration of mononuclear inflammatory cells is seen. Infected lung shows congestion, haemorrhage and intra-alveolar oedema but inflammation is not significant. Mild focal infiltrates of mononuclear inflammatory cells are known to occur in the lamina propria of the stomach small intestine and the colon. Skin biopsies reveal dermal oedema, focal haemorrhages, petechiae, ecchymoses, and macular rashes. The spleen and lymph nodes exhibit widespread lymphoid depletion due to apoptosis and necrosis. Inflammation of the kidney is not evident although acute tubular necrosis is a usual finding. Even though the endocardium of the heart contains viral antigens, the myocardium does not show any significant damage. Brain histology shows panencephalitis and perivascular infiltration of lymphocytes (7). Prevention World Health organization (WHO) has recommended a set of infection prevention and control measures for health-care workers that include precautions that should be taken at different stages of managing EVD patients Standard precautions Regardless of the diagnosis it is recommended for health-care workers to take standard precautions when handling all patients, as it is difficult to identify EVD patients during early stages of the disease. These are, Performing hand hygiene Using disposable gloves before touching materials probable of being contaminated with virus Wearing eye protection and gown before involving in procedures which have a possibility of body fluids being projected. Hand hygiene Hand hygiene must be performed using soap and water or alcohol-based hand rub solution, following WHO recommended technique, before wearing gloves and personal protective equipment (PPE) after an exposure to a patient’s body fluids after a contact with a contaminated surface or equipment after removing PPE. if hands are visibly soiled Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) PPE should be worn before entering EVD patients’ care areas according to the recommended order by WHO and removed before leaving the care area. Contact of a used PPE with any part of the face or non-intact skin should be avoided. The PPE includes, Non-sterile gloves of the correct size Impermeable and disposable gown with long sleeves Face shield Puncture resistant and impermeable closed shoes Patient placement and management Suspected or confirmed EVD patients should be isolated and if possible kept in single rooms. If not they must be placed in beds with at least 1m gap in between. Visitors must be restricted except for those who are needed for the well-being of the patient such as a child’s parent. Management of used equipment and other materials It is recommended that equipment like stethoscopes should be decontaminated and sterilized before reuse, if separate equipment is not available. Parenteral medication equipment, surgical blades, syringes and needles should never be reused. They should be disposed in puncture resistant bins. All non-sharp solid waste should be disposed in to leak-proof bags or bins. Used linen should be collected in leak-proof bags kept at the place of use. They should be washed with water and detergent, rinsed, soaked in 0.05% chlorine for 30 minutes and then dried. All bins must always remain upright and should be sealed when  ¾ full. Before being taken out of the wards the outer surfaces of these containers must be disinfected using 0.5% chlorine. Environmental cleaning Cleaners should wear heavy-duty rubber gloves, and impermeable, puncture proof boots in addition to the PPE. Water and detergent must be used to clean the work surfaces and floors of the hospital. This should be practiced at least once a day. Other contaminated surfaces and objects must be cleaned and disinfected using 0.5% chlorine. Handling of biological material Performing autopsies, post-mortem biopsies and other laboratory tests of tissue samples of EVD confirmed or suspected patients should be minimized and should only be performed by trained personnel. Full PPE must be worn during handling specimens. All specimens should be delivered in clearly labeled, leak-proof, non-breakable, containers with disinfected outer surfaces. Dead bodies must never be washed or embalmed. They should be sealed in double bags, disinfected with 0.5% chlorine and buried promptly. Some cultural and religious rituals can be adapted if needed, but handling of the body must be kept to a minimum and full PPE must be worn at all times. In case of exposure to infected body fluids All current tasks must be safely and immediately stopped and PPE must be removed safely. Affected skin should be washed with soap and water and any affected mucous membranes like conjunctiva should be washed off with a plenty of running water. The person should be checked for fever and other symptoms for 21 days. Pathogenesis Pathogenesis of Ebola virus shows a similarity to that of most of the other filoviruses which involves immunosuppression, increased vascular permeability and coagulopathy (7, 18). Ebola virus enters the host though abrasions of the skin, though mucous membranes or though injection by accident. The virus enters monocytes, macrophages and dendritic cells and gets carried away via lymphatics to the circulation. It then spreads to the liver and spleen infecting tissue macrophages and fibroblastic reticular cells. The main cellular targets of the virus are macrophages, dendritic cells and kupfer cells. Ebola virus shows interaction between varieties of cellular proteins which is why the infection is characterized by broad tissue and organ tropism. Immunopathology In most of the viral infections immune system plays a major role in containing the infection from spreading. However the tissues and organs of fatal EVD cases show minimal inflammation, suggesting of impairment in the immune responses. It has been found that structural proteins of filoviruses e.g. VP24 (Virion protein) and VP35 inhibit interferon responses and thus evade the host innate immunity. As previously mentioned, apoptosis of natural killer cells and T lymphocytes is revealed in histopathology which explains the suppression of the adaptive immune responses. As in many severe infections, Ebola virus infection also causes a massive release of pro-inflammatory mediators and vasoactive substances. Even though the pro-inflammatory mediators promote inflammation and coagulation, the systemic spread of the infection is not effectively controlled. This is probably due to the vasodilation mediated by the vasoactive substances. Endothelial dysfunction and coagulopathy The virus invades endothelial cells and endocardial cells and causes injury (18). This results in internal haemorrhage, fluid and electrolyte imbalance and cardiovascular failure. Endothelial damage results in the platelet aggregation and consumption. The increased level of pro-inflammatory factors and the increased production of surface tissue factor protein in infected monocytes and macrophages promote the coagulation cascade. Due to the hepatocellular damage the production of coagulation factors, fibrinogen, protein C and S are also decreased .Collectively this results in disseminated intravascular coagulation. Other socio-economic problems related to Ebola virus epidemics When considering the current outbreak, in addition to the huge number of lives that has been succumbed to the disease, it has created many other critical problems not only in Ebola hit countries, but in other African countries as well. Agriculture has the biggest contribution to the African economy. As many farmers have died of the epidemic and many have abandoned their farmlands in the fear of catching the disease, there is a huge labour shortage in these countries and a fall of food production. An emergence of a food scarcity in the near future is predicted by experts. Chocolate producing companies and many other industries are greatly affected by labour shortage. Nigeria and Ivory Coast are major cacao producing countries but most of the workers are migrants from Liberia and Guinea. International companies like Nestle and Mars have launched education and fundraising programmes to prevent the spread of the infection among cacao workers. Many schools have been closed owing to the deadly infection surging through the country. Besides the impact on education, the feeding programme carried on by the governments for children has come to a standstill as a consequence. Tourism is another sector hit by the epidemic. Even though Africa is a large continent bigger than Europe, USA and China combined; tourists tend to see it as a single country since the Ebola epidemic has emerged. For instance, Tanzania, a famous wild life destination is an East African country, more than 6000 miles away from an Ebola hit land. It is reported that hotels of Tanzania have lost 50% of bookings for 2015 (21). Many African countries refuse to host international events and conferences due to the risk of the Ebola epidemic being introduced. For example, Morocco, the host of African Cup of Nations, which is scheduled to January 2015, requests a postponement. The government says, â€Å"There is no way we can be lenient with the health and safety of the Moroccan citizens† (24).