Paddy Clarke Essays (1181 words) - Paddy Clarke Ha Ha Ha

Paddy Clarke The novel Paddy Clarke Ha Ha Ha has no authorial presence at all, yet the reader gains a richer understanding of the situation than Paddy ? or any other 10-year old ? could ever have. With regard to the parent's break up, how does Doyle achieve this? There are many factors which suggest how Doyle has succeeded in creating a 'triangular relationship' between himself the reader and the narrator ? Paddy Clarke ? so that the reader has a greater awareness of the predicament that Paddy is in. Doyle's achievement is how he alternates the poetic and realistic without once lapsing into stream-of-self-consciousness; the only way we - as readers can tell it's written by an adult, is by the spelling. We see the violence in Paddy's life peripherally; Doyle tells us nothing more than what the child sees and comprehends. One of the reasons for Roddy Doyle's success lies in creating a realistic and convincing character for a 10-year old child. He does this by his clever use of language, and also in how he arranges his sentences to convey deep emotion and feeling than any emotive language could: "He'd hit her. Across the face; smack. I tried to imagine it. It didn't make sense. I'd heard it; he'd hit her. She'd come out of the kitchen, straight up to their bedroom. Across the face." ? P190 In this instance, Doyle has used short and evident sentences, to invoke a feeling of awe and confusion. The short sentences represent how Paddy is dumbstruck and lost for words, shocked by what he's heard ? this is also highlighted when he says here; "I tried to imagine it. It didn't make sense." Here, he also emphatically uses onomatopoeia ? "smack," ? which adds to the sense of fearful respect and also Paddy's child-like interpretation of events. Repetition is used here ? "Across the face" ? heading his oft-repeated amazement. Another example of how Doyle uses repetition can be seen on pages 153 and 154: "I waited for them to say something different, wanting it - ......Only now, all I could do was listen and wish. I didn't pray; there were no prayers for this.... But I rocked the same way as I did when I was saying prayers....I rocked - Stop stop stop stop ? ." Doyle uses repetition to show Paddy's anxiety, when he repeats ?stop'. Here, Paddy is mentally commanding his parents to stop in desperation, as he thought he had done on page 42: " - Stop. There was a gap. It had worked; I'd forced them to stop." He believes that he has the power to make his parents stop arguing, as shown on page 42, but realisation dawns when he repeatedly tells them to stop on page 154, and it doesn't work. This reflects on the fact that Paddy Clarke is a child, and his inability to restrain his emotions is a facet of his youth showing through. Another childish aspect throughout the book is how Paddy ? like other children at that age would ? spouts offhand irrelevant knowledge that's he's picked up from class or elsewhere: "Snails and slugs were gastropods; they had stomach feet.... The real name for soccer was association football. Association football was played with a round ball on a rectangular pitch by two sides of eleven people...... Geronimo was the last of the renegade Apaches...... I learned this by heart. I liked it." Readers can relate to this, as we can all remember when we'd learnt something that we'd found particularly fascinating at school or the library, and recited it all the time, thinking we were clever. Another reason why the reader of Paddy Clarke Ha Ha Ha has a higher understanding than is simply because the adult audience has more experience in family issues ? from our own experiences. We can see the violence in his life superficially; we are told nothing more than what the child sees and comprehends. A good example of this can be found on page 95: "Ma said something to Da. I didn't hear it.... I looked at ma again. She was still looking at Da. Catherine had one of Ma's fingers in her mouth and she was biting real hard ? she had a few teeth ? but Ma didn't do anything about it." Here, Paddy has given us an insight to the emotional turmoil that exists in the family, but Doyle ? again ? has not used any emotional adjectives to show this. We can interpret what

Marijuana essays

Marijuana essays Marijuana, should it be legalized or remain a burning issue of controversy? Marijuana is a drug made from the dried leaves and flowering tops of the hemp plant (DuPont 189). Even though the cultivation, distribution, possession, and use of marijuana is illegal in many nations, including the United States and Canada, many people continue to use it on a daily basis (DuPont 195).Marijuana has been used as an intoxicant for thousands of years all around the world. Many people who use marijuana believe it improves their capabilities and talents, but scientists have failed to find any proof that this is true. There have been a number of studies that show that marijuana can damage short- term memory (Mendelson 24). Some of the physical short- term effects of marijuana include redness in the eyes and a rapid heartbeat. The drug also interferes with a persons judgment and coordination (DuPont 196). Marijuana usually makes users have feelings of panic, dread, dreamful, or quite simply, relaxed. These feelings will change due to the THC in the drug. When used as an intoxicant; the drug distorts the perception of time and distance. It can also impair a persons ability to drive an automobile or operate machinery. Marijuana may also cause users to feel like their sound, color, scent, taste, and touch seem intensified (Mendelson 25). According to a 1988 government survey, marijuana is the third most widely used drug in the United States, after cigarettes (Mendelson 27). Along with the short- term effects that marijuana has on people, there are also many long- term effects as well. Marijuana has many long- terms psychological and physical effects on users. These effects include causing the users to lose interest in school, their jobs, and social activities. Smoking Marijuana can give you bronchitis, chronic coughing, chest pains, and for males the reduction of sperm cells (DuPont 207). There have been many studi...

Arkansas Economy - about Agriculture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Arkansas Economy - about Agriculture - Essay Example According to the survey, it has been revealed that about more than 46% of the rice are supplied to the United States. Top five agricultural products ofArkansas that generate supreme amount of revenue for the state are cotton, broilers, cattle, soybeans and rice. â€Å"The export value of rice generated by Arkansas is 3859 million dollars which is number one in the United States† (Cosidine 19a). The export valued for cotton is at 615 million dollar and it is fourth in the United States. In the crop sector the direct contribution to economy is by providing more than 62,918 jobs and more than 3,062 million dollar value added to the economy of Arkansas. â€Å"In the year 2011, survey states that more than 12.8 billion dollars of value added to the economy of Arkansas† (Considine 26b). This huge revenue is generated which accounted due to enormous agricultural resources. Total contribution to the economy of Arkansas can be direct, indirect and induced contribution. Direct contributions to the economy are generated by the help of forest products and farm production. Some agricultural firms of Arkansas purchase product from other business of same state can generate revenue is known as the indirect contribution to the economy. Contributions generated from employees working in agricultural farms can spend portion of money within Arkansas can benefit the economy of the state. â€Å"In the year 2012, survey states that more than 47,800 farms are located in Arkansas† (USDA 7a). The diversified portfolio of Arkansas profits the state in revenue and which benefit the economy. The net farm income generated from the number of far ms present in Arkansas is 1.4 billion dollar. Estimated amount of export of rice is 1 billion annually. Arkansas is number of export of rice. â€Å"The agriculture of Arkansas enables to create 24% job in the state† (USDA 12b). This resembles the fact the agriculture has become pivotal for Arkansas by creating large number of jobs. The

Power Transitions - A Peaceful Power Transition for China Research Proposal - 1

Power Transitions - A Peaceful Power Transition for China - Research Proposal Example A gradual progression as was America’s at the end of the 19th century (Zakaria, 1998:5) increases the likelihood of a peaceful transition whereas an expansionist rise as was Russia’s at the turn of the last century is perceived as threatening. The image is how China portrays itself to the outside world, whether its words and deeds are seen as inviting conflict or allaying fears and giving reassurances. Another important factor concerns how well China fits in (or not) with the existing international order. The greater it works within the existing structures and rules and in a legitimate manner, at least for now before it attempts to reshape those structures and rules, the more it will be relating to other nations and be accepted. It is being aloof and closed, as is the case with North Korea today that raises suspicions even if it has peaceful intentions. Moreover, working within the existing order upholds the status quo and keeps the present superpower content, at least openly. The military strengths of China impinge upon its ability to ‘force’ a peaceful transition by diminishing the capabilities of rivals to engage in conflict. The power and size of the army creates a barrier to any attempts to weaken the country. On the other hand, many countries around the world, which are at the receiving end of aggression such as Iraq and Afghanistan, become targets for exploitation by stronger powers because they do not have armies powerful enough to be deterrence. The biggest deterrence in this age is the possession of nuclear weapons. India and Pakistan for example have rivalries and potential for conflict as in the past but they are deterred because both now possess nuclear weapons. The country also needs to have strong economic and social structures that reinforce its position, and an intelligentsia that is supportive of its aspirations. In fact, the rise and

Compare and contrast two social media websites, for example Facebook Essay

Compare and contrast two social media websites, for example Facebook and Twitter, in terms of use and functions provided - Essay Example The internet has become a major platform for socialization through several social sites available these days. Some of the social sites available include Facebook, twitter, Instagram, whatsapp and 2go. Through these sites, the world has been reduced into a small location where people easily interact and share what they have. Though they are of advantage of bringing people together to share constructive views and news, social sites have been in criticization for bringing up bad vices to the community. Some user may become addicted to social sites and chats until they become antisocial. They are a major revolution in the current century. The information about the social sites and their effects comes from the general understanding of the functioning of the sites and their seen effects on daily human life. The work is a combination of daily experiences with research works from libraries both virtual and physical. A real life example is also an inclusion in the work. The effects analyzed herein are trivial to some extend but they do affect the comfort ability of users and the site’s reputation in general. From the research, it was found and the researchers came to conclusion that Facebook is the most widely used social platform. It has a membership of about 1.15billion users worldwide. The result for this discovery was because Facebook was found to provide more customization options and was less official. During the research, several analyses on the contents from the sites were made and it came to conclusion that more than 2.95billion pieces of information are available for sharing daily on the platforms. Social vices were also in notification during the study. Some of the vices did include cyber bullying and this, as was discovered latter, was a vice mostly from teenagers. Below is a fact box that shows a summary of some of the data and facts that were under study during the research. The current century, always known as the digital century is a time when

Strategic Planning And Development Of Addidas Marketing Essay

Strategic Planning And Development Of Addidas Marketing Essay According to Data monitor Adidas is among the leading players in the global sporting goods industry. The group is the leading sporting goods group in Germany, France and Japan, the most important markets outside the US. Adidas, through Reebok, has also a strong position in the US. The acquisition of Reebok has helped Adidas gain a 20% share of the US athletic footwear market. However leading market position help Adidas gain competitive advantage in market and brand loyal customers and Adidass high brand equity enables it to attract more customers. The 2010 FIFA World Cup was a big success for Adidas. The company had a supreme presence at the event with twelve teams including the host nation in the finals, combined with its status as official sponsor, supplier and licensee. The event had a great effect on the Adidas brand overall due to its unprecedented scale of media coverage. As of June 21, 2010 (almost ten days after the competition began), the company achieved record breaking sales, predicting sales of soccer-related merchandise at least $2.2 billion, surpassing the $1.9 billion obtained in football sales in 2008. Adidas markets its products through an extensive marketing infrastructure. The group offers its products through its own retail stores and franchised stores. However extensive marketing infrastructure helps Adidas to reach a wide range of customers and eventually expand its size of the market. According to Data monitor the group has geographically-diversified operations. It operates in Europe, North America, Asia and Latin America. Moreover, the group has balanced revenue mix in terms of revenue generated from various geographical locations. However this means Adidas can acquire greater economies of scale with its geographically diversified operations. Adidas has sponsorship agreements for major sports events across the globe. The company has a sponsorship agreement with the Japan Football Association until March 2015 and with the Australian Olympic Committee until 2016. It also secured sponsorship rights to the 2014 FIFA World Cup. In addition, in 2009, Adidas extended its partnership with UEFA for the UEFA EURO 2012 and UEFA EURO 2016 football championships, as well as for the UEFA Champions League. The company has also signed an 11-year global merchandising partnership agreement (beginning with the 2006-2007 season) with the National Basketball Association (NBA). This deal makes Adidas the official uniform and apparel provider for the NBA, the Womens National Basketball Association and the NBA Development League. Additionally, Adidas is also the Official Sportswear Partner to 2012 Olympics in London. Sponsorship of major sports events would help the company to strengthen its profitability and enhance its brand recall among consu mers. Government and other organisations are highly promoting active lifestyle to fight obesity and various diseases. According to the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF), more than 600 million adults were considered obese in 2010. An additional 1.0 billion were estimated to be overweight. This development has serious health consequences and a dramatic effect on health care expenditures. So this issue might bring new opportunity for Adidas. 3. Women Segment Offers Long Term Potential: Till date most of the Adidas revenue comes from the men segment. But in the upcoming days the women segment is showing more potential for Adidas. Adidas should focus on this segment by creating new products and design for womens. 4. Growing global footwear market: According to Data Monitor the global footwear market has shown positive growth in recent years. The global footwear market is forecast to grow at a CAGR of 4% in the six-year period 2005-2011 to reach $202.3 billion in 2011. So this is a major opportunity for Adidas to explore itself globally which will result in increase sales and revenues and ultimately gives the group chance to catch the global market. Threats: 1. Macroeconomic Risks: Growth in the sporting goods industry is highly dependent on consumer spending and consumer confidence. Economic downturns, socio-political factors such as civil unrest, nationalisation, in particular in regions where the Group is highly represented, therefore cause a significant short-term risk to sales development. 2. Consumer Demand Risk: Nowadays consumers are more choosy and its quiet difficult to predict their demand. So therefore it is essential to maintain a balance between the supply and demand. Failure to anticipate and respond to changes in consumer demand for sporting goods products is one of the most serious threats for Adidas. 3. Customer Bargaining Power: Nowadays markets are more buyers dominated. The bargaining power of customer is rising rapidly because of intense competition between the suppliers. This issue can harm on Adidas overall business operations. 4. Intense Competition: The athletic footwear, apparel and equipment industry is highly competitive. Adidas group competes with players such as Nike, Callaway Golf Company, New Balance Athletic Shoe, and PUMA AG Rudolf Dazzler Sport. High level of competition in the market place could negatively impact the market share of the group. (Data monitor, 2010). 6. Adidas AG: Strategy Adidas has `diversified its strategy in three dimensions. They are: 1. Group Strategy. 2. Global Brands Strategy. 3. Global Sales Strategy. 1. Group Strategy: 1.1 Creating Shareholder Value: Adidas is trying to create more value for its shareholders through generation of cash flow. Therefore, Adidas AG is focused on carefully managing those factors under its control, making strategic choices that will drive sustainable revenue and earnings growth, and ultimately cash flow. 1.2 Multi Brand Strategies: To maximise customer reach with variety of choice Adidas has adapted multi brand strategy. 1.3 Investments focused on highest potential markets and channels: Adidas has prioritised its investments based on those markets which offer the best medium to long-term growth and profitability opportunities. In this respect, we continue to place a considerable emphasis on expanding our activities in the emerging markets, particularly China and Russia. 2. Global Brand Strategy: 2.1 Driving the long-term development of Adidas and Reebok: To secure long-term sustainable growth for the Group, Global Brands is focused on driving the development of the Adidas and Reebok brands. The overall strategic goal is to achieve qualitative, sustainable growth by building desirable brands in consumers and customers perception. 2.2 Brand architecture and differentiation: Adidas multi-brand structure gives them an important competitive advantage. Through its brand architecture, It seamlessly cover the consumer segments they have defined, catering to more consumer needs, while at the same time keeping clarity of brand message and values. 3. Global Sales Strategy: The global sales function is responsible for the commercial activities of Adidas. The functions is categorised in three distinctive channel retail, wholesale and e-commerce. 3.1 Focus on Controlled Space To make its products more competitive Adidas has adapted several techniques. As a result they are refining their distribution channel with stronger focus on controlled space which includes e-commerce, own retail store, mono branded franchise stores, partnership with retail stores etc. Focusing on Three Attack Markets: As a part of strategic business plan route 2015 the global sales function has identified North America, Russia, UK, Latin America, Greater China, Japan and India as key growth markets. Among them North America, China and Russia are anticipated to contribute over 50% of total sales. To ensure the efficiency of these markets they directly report to the group CEO. 7. Concluding Thoughts Based on the above information this assignment would conclude that Adidas is one of the largest companies in the sporting goods industry. The group operates through more than 150 subsidiaries in Europe, the US and Asia, each focusing on a particular market or part of the manufacturing process. To be concluded Adidas has a priorities SWOT analysis with leading market position as its biggest strength and Geographically-diversified operations enable Adidas to take advantage of a range of market opportunities

Pain and Acupuncture in Eastern and Western Medicine Essay -- Acupunct

Pain and Acupuncture in Eastern and Western Medicine Acupuncture is an ancient medicinal art that has been practiced for thousands of years. Acupuncture today is mainly seen by Western medicine as a "new alternative" medicine (2). This basically means that while Western medicine acknowledges the value and positive medical research supporting acupuncture in many realms of medicine, for the most part it is not a practice that has been incorporated into 'modern' medical practices. One of the most consistently supported uses of acupuncture therapy is in pain treatment (14). Western medicine has often come up short when it comes to treatment of chronic pain. The dichotomy that is often suggested is that Western medicine is better at emergency situations and stabilizing patients in crisis, while Eastern medicine has more success with more long-term chronic issues such as pain (2). This difference mainly stems from the philosophy of both methods of practicing medicine. Eastern medicine, for the most part, is more interested in treating the wh ole person and finding the organic root of the problem instead of just treating the symptoms. While chronic pain is reaching epidemic proportions in Western society, few people are employing the benefits this type of medicine can bring. How does pain effect the nervous system? How does acupuncture help to alleviate this symptom? Is it possible to explain the effects of acupuncture through the language of Western medicine? Acupuncture Theory Acupuncture, very basically, is the insertion of very fine needles, sometimes in conjunction with electrical stimulus, on the body's surface, in order to influence physiological functioning of the body (1). At the basis of acupuncture, is the theory th... ...nism of Acupuncture http://www.acupuncture.com/Acup/Mech.htm 7)Neuronal Possibilities , Neuronal Diagram http://dubinserver.colorado.edu/prj/kcr/p07.html 8)Beyond Endorphins , Endorphins in Pain Mediation http://www.chiro.org/places/ABSTRACTS/Beyond_endorphins.shtml 9)Mechanism of Acupuncture: Beyond Neurohumoral Theory http://users.med.auth.gr/~karanik/english/articles/mechan.html 10)Dr. L. Soh , Beyond Endorphins in Acupuncture Analgesia http://www.ozacupuncture.com/drlsohs.htm 11)Pain Perception http://www.mhhe.com/biosci/ap/saladin/nervous/reading10.mhtml 12)Chronic Pain Solutions The Scientific Basis Of Acupuncture http://www.chronicpainsolutions.com/acupuncture.htm 13)Molecular Insights into the Problem of Pain http://www.painstudy.ru/pe3/molecular.htm 14)What We Know About Pain http://www.nidr.nih.gov/slavkin/pain.htm

Nervous Conditions Essay

Nervous Conditions The choice to resist or comply in situations greatly affects the success and personal relationships of Tambu and Nyasha throughout the Nervous Conditions. Tambu arrives at her uncle’s school initially embracing her education and passion for learning, while there she begins to notice the relationships that existed between the settlers and native, males and females in society. Nyasha understood how awful these relationships were as a young girl. She suffers from severe depression and an eating disorder while trying to cope with and understand these relationships.There are many different decisions made with a variety of strategies that either helps them advance or causes them to fall victim to the controls of colonial society. An educated woman was very uncommon in Zimbabwe during the 1980’s. Tambu decided to pursue her education against her mothers will. You notice the generation gap when her mother says ‘’Can you cook books and feed them t o your husband? Stay at home with you mother. Learn to cook, clean and grow vegetables’’(Ma Shingayi, 15). She decided not to follow the traditional path of women and began selling corn at the market with her teacher to pay for her schooling.Tambu decided to resist fait at a very young age and continued not listening to her family throughout the novel. She felt weighed down by the burdens of womanhood and would not tolerate settling into that lifestyle. Nyasha’s resentment for her parents results in her lashing out and developing an eating disorder. When her mother takes the D. H Lawrence book form her without asking Nyasha begins an argument with her at dinner and storms off without eating. This is the first sign of her nervous condition and foreshadows the escalating problem of her eating disorder. The decision to become bulimic is an attempt to control her life.She feels that her parents are preventing her from becoming the person she wants to be. ‘â₠¬â„¢ They’ve done it to me’’ (Nyasha, 200) she says to Tambu. She feels that she can’t become the confident successful young women she knows is inside her until her parents stop treating her this way. Her parents chose to take away her books, force her to eat and beat her for punishment. This created very strong feelings of hostility towards toward them. These feelings of animosity only get worse throughout the novel as her father gets more controlling to in order to fix her problems.Nyasha’s hatred for her mother goes beyond the issue of them controlling her. This extra hatred for her mother comes from her decision to be her husbands ‘’underdog’’ (Nyasha, 119). She doesn’t believe in the idea of surrendering her dreams and lifestyle to the control of a man. She does not respect her mother for doing this and it only adds to the escalating family conflict. After the Christmas dance Nyasha decided to resist the rules set by her father to hang out with Andy. Babamukuru calls her a whore and beats her, threatening to kill her and hang himself.After all of this Nyasha says this to Tambu ‘’ you cant go on all the time being whatever’s necessary. You’ve got to have some conviction, and I’m convinced I don’t want to be anyone’s underdog. It’s not right for anyone to be that. But once you get use to it well, it just seems natural and you carry on. And that’s the end of you. You’re trapped. They control everything you do’’ (Nyasha, 119). This shows the resentment she has for her mother. She disobeys her father to show that she is not going to be controlled like that. In her eyes she is getting a head by doing this but it only makes her father more controlling.As the preparations began for her parents wedding Tambu became resentful towards Babamukru for ‘’having devised this plot which made such a joke of my parents my home and myself’’ (Tambu, 151) She becomes anxious and angry with her uncle for not understanding how torn she was with this situation. Tambu decides not to go to the wedding; this is the first time she has stood up for herself in Babamukru’s house. After the ceremony she has some regret for not going but the fact that she was able to make her own decision made it all worth it. ‘’guilt, so many razor sharp edges of it, slice away at me.My mother had been right; it was unnatural; I would not listen to my own parents, but I would listen to Babamukuru even when he told me to laugh at my parents. There was something unnatural about me. ’’(Tambu, 167) This wedding made her realize how much she had just been just doing everything he said even if it was wrong and this made her feel very week. Making the decision not to go gave her a ‘’newly acquired identity’’(Tambu, 171) and she gladly took the lashings and punishment for it. When the nuns from Sacred Heart came to the mission school to recruit they offer Tambu a scholarship and a position at the school.Maiguru stands up for Tambu when Babamukuru shuts down the idea. She accepts the offer to the Convent School and becomes so focused on her education she fails to see the effects of this situation on her personal relationships with Nyasha and her friends. Nyasha writes her letters revealing her struggles and how she is on a ‘’diet. ’’ Tambu is so caught up in her studies that she chooses not to write back and help her. When she returns to the mission her friends Maidei and Jocelyn will no longer talk to her. They are very resentful that she left them to go to the white catholic school.Tambu seems very caught up in the colonial society and is slowly loosing track of her roots and connection to the homestead. During her first trip home form Sacred Heart her mother warns her of Englishness and how it is the ma in cause of Nyasha’s Problems. She tries to remove that thought from her head but you notice it stayed with her when she says. ‘’ Quietly, obtrusively and extremely fitfully, something in my mine began to assert itself, to question things and refuse to be brain washed, bringing me to this time when I can set down this story it was a long and painful process for me that process of expansion. ’ (Tambu, 208) She starts questioning her decisions and what she has lost or given up as a result of them. Sacred Heart is no longer her main focus; this shows a significant change in how she views life. Through characters like Nyasha and Tambu one can directly see the struggle that colonialism created for women along with the apparent issues between African men and women during this time period.The decisions that were made either got these girls to the next step in their lives or left them stuck in conflict and abuse. Both Tambu and Nyasha are very set on making there own decisions and finally stand up for them selves against Babamukuru. The beating they receive from making some decisions sets them back but they feel as if it rejuvenates them and gives them power over his control. Works Cited Tsitsi, Dangaremba. Nervious Conditions. London: The Women’s Press Ltd, 1988

John Howard Griffin †Black Like Me

John Howard Griffin – Black Like Me Free Online Research Papers Rhetorical devices can be effective in descriptive writing if used properly. They can give a dominant impression to the reader as well as a main focus. John Griffin uses such techniques in describing the racial conflict in the South. In Black Like Me, John Howard Griffin uses rhetorical devices such as similes and alliterations in order to portray the racial conflict that persisted and that still persists in the South today. Griffin’s use of rhetorical devices such as imagery and alliterations allow the reader to have an image of the segregation issues and the cruelty that the white folks expressed to the blacks. Each type has its own purpose and meaning to that specific part in the story. The imagery Griffin uses throughout the novel allows the reader a clear idea about the differences between the white and black society. Also, near the end of the book, Griffin describes his old office, which he is clearing out because he is going to move to Mexico to escape the threats. â€Å"†¦ emptied now of all except the table and the typewriter and the bed, stripped of its sheets, with only the mattress ticking staring up at the ceiling.† (163). Griffin used alliterations in order to compare the black society to animals that are in constant fear. But while the animals fear their predators, the black society fears the white man, always on the hunt for a stray Negro to humiliate or torture,â€Å" I sensed the radiance of it in the stillness, sensed the earthworms that burrowed back into the depths of the furrows, sensed the animals that wandered in the wo ods in search of nocturnal rut or food.† (4). This part of the story emphasizes the anxiousness that Griffin feels about undertaking this dangerous yet enthralling task. This quote also indirectly shows how the black community lives, in constant fear of the dangers that lurk in their community. Both the imagery and alliterations used by Griffin gives the reader an understanding about what the differences are in the black and white communities and also the worries and state of mind of Negroes. Griffin’s experience as a black allowed him to formulate a more accurate opinion about the problem, which persists in America until this day. His quest was dangerous from the beginning; however, Griffin knew that by exposing the truth, the racial problem in the South would be solved quicker, even if it meant at his sacrifice. Throughout Griffin’s journey, his opinions changed drastically. When he first transformed into a Negro, he was naà ¯ve, thinking that the whites were rather courteous and really sympathized and cared about the black society. He did not fully understand the habits of the blacks at first either, which kept Griffin a little more conservative in order to not attract attention. Yet, as Griffin became more accustomed to the black society, he also discovered the other side of the Southern whites, their racist side. Even some northerners, who tended to accept the black community more than the southerners, would express their contempt at times towards Negr oes. When Griffin tours Tuskegee Institute, he encounters a professor who sympathizes with the black community, who later involuntarily insults a black vendor, â€Å"The white man†¦ had made the first dirty suggestion that came to his mind.† (130). Griffin refuses to believe this at first, but later understands the troubles that the Negroes go through each day of their lives. This is the transformation of Griffin’s opinion about the Southern white and many Northerners as well, knowing how they are the provokers to this whole problem in the South. Griffin’s incorporation of the rhetorical devices such as alliterations and imagery, to name a few, not only give the reader a clearer view of the different communities, but also the transformation within him. His writing becomes much more vivid and lively near the middle when he becomes aware of these atrocities. These devices, allow Griffin to express his opinion about his thoughts on the problem in the South, which so far, has not been solved. Research Papers on John Howard Griffin - Black Like MeThe Masque of the Red Death Room meaningsWhere Wild and West MeetHonest Iagos Truth through DeceptionComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoMind TravelCapital Punishment19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraThe Hockey GameHip-Hop is ArtGenetic Engineering

Macroeconomic Impact on Business Operations

Macroeconomic Impact on Business Operations Free Online Research Papers Macroeconomic Impact on Business Operations The Federal Reserve Board uses tools to control the money supply in the United States, which are open-market operations, the reserve ratio, and the discount rate. These tools influence the money supply and affect macroeconomic factors, which I will discuss in detail. I will also explain how money is created in a macroeconomic system, and recommend monetary policy combinations to best achieve a balance between economic growth, low inflation, and a reasonable rate of unemployment. Feds Tools of Monetary Control The Fed has three tools that are used for monetary control in altering the reserves of commercial banks. The money supply is the total amount of currency plus deposits held by the public. These tools can alter economic growth, change the rate of inflation, the level of employment, and adjust the exchange rate, by expansionary or contractionary monetary policy. Open-Market Operations The amount of money circulating in the economy can be adjusted through open-market operations, specifically with selling and purchasing of U.S. Treasury and federal agency securities bonds in the bond market. The Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) will decide on a short-term objective for open market operations. This objective can be a chosen quantity of reserves, or a desired price (federal funds rate). The federal funds rate is the interest rate at which commercial banks lend balances at the Federal Reserve to other depository institutions overnight. †If the Fed believes that the economy is overheating (if the supply of money is outpacing production of goods), it will raise interest rates and bring money supply down to what it perceives to be the â€Å"equilibrium† level. With the same thought, if the Fed believes economic growth is outpacing money supply (causing deflation/less inflation), it will reduce interest rates. When interest rates are lower, it’s che aper for individuals to take out loans to start new businesses or buy goods and services. This also discourages them from keeping their money in a bank account, because they would make less interest† (NematNejad, 2007). The open-market operation is considered the most common tool used by the Fed, because bonds are bought and sold every week day in New York City. The Reserve Ratio The Fed has control over the reserve ratio, which determines the lending ability of commercial banks. The reserve ratio stipulates how much a bank is required to keep in reserves relative to what is in deposits. If a bank has a reserve ratio of 15%, the required reserve on $10 million in deposits is $1.5 million. The required reserve ratio is dictated to be certain banks do run out of cash on hand to meet the demand for withdrawals. The money not required in be on hand is then loaned out to customers, which in turn, increases the money supply. The Discount Rate The Federal Reserve Bank is a lender of money to commercial banks. When commercial banks borrow from the district central bank with a promissory note, the interest charged is referred to as the discount rate. The borrowed money will then increase the commercial bank’s reserve, which increases their lending ability. The discount rate is determined by the Fed, and this will be the cost of attaining the reserves. If the Fed were to lower the discount rate, more commercial banks would be inclined to borrow to obtain additional reserves, which would lead to more money in the economy. The same works in reverse for decreasing the money supply. Creation of Money Using the tools previously identified, the Fed can increase the supply of money, in other words, create money. During a period of expansionary monetary policy, decreasing the reserve ratio will result in more money commercial banks are able to lend to customers. By lowering the discount rate, the Federal Reserve Bank will lend more money to commercial banks. With commercial banks increasing reserves, the amount available for lending increases, which results in increases in the money supply. The open-market operation of buying and selling of government bonds is the most commonly used tool the Federal Reserve Bank uses to create money. If the economy is showing signs of recession and unemployment, the Fed will buy securities to increase commercial bank reserves. By increasing the commercial bank reserves, as previously discussed, the lending of the reserves will result in the creation of money. The goals of reaching low inflation, economic growth and a reasonable rate of inflation may sometimes conflict with one another. â€Å"One kind of conflict involves deciding which goal should take precedence at any point in time. For example, suppose theres a recession and the Fed works to prevent employment losses from being too severe; this short-run success could turn into a long-run problem if monetary policy remains expansionary too long, because that could trigger inflationary pressures. So its important for the Fed to find the balance between its short-run goal of stabilization and its longer-run goal of maintaining low inflation† (Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco, 2004). Recommended Monetary Policy Monetary policy has become the policy of choice when determining the levels of the money supply. The advantages over fiscal policy are the speed and flexibility, and the isolation from political pressure (McConnell and Brue, 2004). Using the open-market operation, the Fed can purchase or sell government securities daily to affect the money supply and interest rates without much delay. Working in combination with reserve requirements, and discount rates, the Federal Reserve Bank can manipulate the application of monetary policy to achieve a balance between economic growth, low inflation, and a reasonable rate of inflation. The easy money policy was applied to the recession of 1990. The decision to increase the supply of money increased the aggregate demand which resulted in the use of inactive resources. The decision to increase the money supply may have an adverse effect on the economy; excessive spending. Overactive spending may lead to an inflationary economy, which is remedied by selling securities, increasing the required reserve ratio, and raising the discount rate offered to commercial banks. The policy incorporating these actions is called a tight money policy. The reason for a tight money policy is to decrease spending and control inflation. To achieve an environment of a stable economy, finding the balance between easy and tight money policies is crucial. A quote from Milton Friedman (1968) states The first and most important lesson that history teaches about what monetary policy can do and it is a lesson of the most profound importance is that monetary policy can prevent money itself from being a major source of economic disturbance. Managerial Decision Making In the University of Phoenix simulation (2008), scenarios are presented to students regarding monetary policy. The student is allowed to make decisions which affect the Real Gross Domestic Product (GDP), inflation, and unemployment levels. In the first scenario, global developments have caused the economy to sag, and industrial production to slow. Although inflation looks to be under control, the Real GDP is falling, and unemployment is on the rise. The solution to this scenario can be a combination of increasing the Discount Rate (DR) Federal Funds Rate (FFR) percentage spread, raising the reserve ratio slightly, and selling approximately $750 million in government securities. The results of my choices were almost a 1% increase in the Real GDP, a tenth of a percent rise in inflation, and a 0.8% drop in unemployment. By selling securities, the supply of money goes up, along with inflation. The unemployment rate does the opposite of Real GDP. If investment and spending rises, demand rises, therefore, increasing the opportunities in the workforce. Unemployment will decrease with the rise of the Real GDP. Ideas from the simulation on how to use monetary policy tools of discount rate, reserve ratio, and open-market operations helps me understand how the supply of money is controlled. Conclusion The three tools of monetary policy include the open-market operations, the required reserve ratio, and the discount rate. Together, these tools will be applied to either expansionary or contractionary policy during times of recession or growth. The policies will influence those who can create money. As the Fed lowers the required reserve ratio, banks have more flexibility when lending money. Lowering the discount rate allows commercial banks to borrow more from the Federal Reserve Bank, which also increases the availability of money for lending. But the most commonly used tool is the open-market operation, where the government sells and buys securities to increase commercial bank reserves. The tool is used every day of the week. Monetary policy is the policy of choice, with its speed and flexibility, and separation from political pressure. The Fed can act quickly to respond to inflation, unemployment, and economic growth. References Brue, S.L., McConnell, C.R. (2004). Economics: Principles, Problems and Policies, 16e. The McGraw-Hill Companies Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco. (2004). About the fed. Retrieved February 1, 2008, from frbsf.org/publications/federalreserve/monetary/goals.html Friedman, Milton, The Role of Monetary Policy, American Economic Review, 1968: p.12. NematNejad, A. (2007). Best way to invest. Monetary policy. Retrieved February 2, 2008, from bestwaytoinvest.com/monetary-policy. University of Phoenix, (2008). Economics for managerial decision making [Computer Software]. Retrieved February 2, 2008, from University of Phoenix, rEsource, Simulation, MBA501-Forces Influencing Business in the 21st Century Web site. Research Papers on Macroeconomic Impact on Business OperationsTwilight of the UAWIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationPETSTEL analysis of IndiaAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaOpen Architechture a white paperDefinition of Export QuotasGenetic EngineeringBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfResearch Process Part One Macroeconomic Impact on Business Operations Free Online Research Papers Macroeconomic Impact on Business Operations Monetary policy is a strategy that is used by the federal government to influence the economy. Having monetary authority allows the government to control the supply and availability of money (Federal Reserve, 2009). Along with the monetary policy, political objectives have a strong influence on the economy and its growth. The main goal of our government is to implement â€Å"macroeconomic stability†, which includes low unemployment, low inflation, and steady economic growth (The Financial Pipeline, 2009). This paper will discuss how money is created, and how factors such as GDP, economic growth, inflation, and unemployment are affect by the monetary policy. Money creation is a tool that is used to produce or issue money. The process of money creation takes place in three ways. The first step is by manufacturing and distributing paper currency or metal coins. Second, money is distributed through debt, lending, and government policies. The regulation, production, and the redemption of money are regulated through the Federal Reserve (Federal Reserve, 2009). The Federal Reserve determines the operation of financial markets and the purchasing power of money throughout the U.S. economy. Within the Federal Reserve is the regional bank, which in turn measures the money supply. These regional banks within the Federal Reserve are private banks that control the issuance of â€Å"debt-backed† money to the government (The Financial Pipeline, 2009). The Federal Reserve is responsible for implementing monetary policies that help regulate the economy. The Federal Reserve conduct’s the nation’s policy by influencing monetary and credit policies. They also supervise and regulate the banks in order to ensure the consistency and safety of the nation’s financial system. Lastly, the Federal Reserve provides financial services to depository institutions, and foreign official institutions. It also plays a major role in the operation of the U.S. payment system (Federal Reserve, 2009). In order to stimulate the economy, the Federal Reserve implements the federal funds, which are the reserve balances that private banks keep at their local Federal Reserve Bank. The reason for keeping money at the Federal Reserve Bank is to maintain a strategy that allows for private banks to loan money to one another. This financial market system plays a vital role within the Federal Reserve because it influences the use of monetary policy. This action in turn influences the use of monetary policy and it determines the amount of money that the private banks charge each other for the lending of those federal funds (Federal Reserve, 2009). The Federal Reserve consists of 12 Federal Reserve Banks. These 12 banks distribute banking services to depository institutions and also to the Federal government. These banks are also responsible for maintaining accounts, providing various payment services that include collecting checks, electronically transferring money, and lastly distributing and receiving currency and coin (Federal Reserve, 2009). When it comes to retail, the Federal Reserve provides a series of financial services that deal with wholesale payments. According to Ghatak Sanjers (2007), retail payments are small dollar amounts that include a depository institution’s retail clients, which consist of small and large businesses. Wholesale payments are reserved for large dollar amounts, these depository institutions are typically for large corporations. Monetary policy has a strong influence on the economy when it comes to inflation. In our economy there are two types of inflation, which are monetary inflation and price inflation. Monetary inflation deals with an increase in the money supply. Price inflation deals with the steady increases of the level prices, which in turn determines the value and purchasing power of money (Steele, 2008). If there is a fast increase in money and credit over a certain period of months, it will usually result in price inflation. According to Ghatak Sanjers (2007), when it comes to price inflation a dollar buys less and less over time. Monetary and price inflation can have a negative impact on the economy. Lenders lose money because the value of a dollar isn’t worth as much, businesses struggle with projecting future plans and, in turn lead to decrease in projects. Mortgage companies really suffer from inflation, because monetary inflation increases long-term interest rates (The Financial Pipeline, 2009). Those long-term interest rates typically leads to a decrease in consumer spending because people are less likely to make major purchases such as homes and cars, b ecause of high interest rates. The overall goal of implementing monetary policy within the U.S. economy is raising or lowering interest rates based on the demand for goods and services (Steele, 2008). Changes with interest rates affect the demand for goods and services by determining borrowing costs, the availability of loans, the income of households, and foreign exchange rates. Long term interest rates are a reflection of the financial markets expectations of what the federal government will do in the future (The Financial Pipeline, 2009). When it comes to the concern of inflation the financial markets add a risk premium to long-term rates, which in turn will make interest rates higher. If there is a decrease in interest rates, the cost of borrowing is lower, which is good for business growth. It is also good for economic growth, because it leads to an increase of supply and demand. Another result of lower rates is valuable bonds and higher stock prices. Individuals, who have stock that is valued high, are more likely to spend more, and businesses are more willing to invest. Monetary policy affects inflation by the demand to enforce labor and capital markets beyond their abilities (Federal Reserve, 2009). If the monetary policy is persistent with maintaining low short-term rates there will be an increase in interest rates, which in turn could deter spending. So in order to deal with inflation, the goal is to decrease the money supply in the economy. Reduction of excess money would lead to a decrease in aggregate demand, and would help reduce the level of price inflation (Ghatak Sanjers, 2009). Monetary policy also plays a critical role on employment and the labor market. The federal government structures the labor market through paying unemployment insurance benefits, determining the minimum wage, raising or lowering income taxes, and lastly setting the rules and guidelines for labor unions to operate. Also employment, is influenced by government investment and the infrastructure, this includes schools, roads, and parks. These places have an effect on the amount of money paid to the labor force. The government’s monetary policy has an effect on the cost and availability of money and credit through the demand for labor. When there are high levels of unemployment, the Federal government must be consistent in order to ensure the demand for money is growing fast enough (Ghatak Sanjers, 2009). One strategy for the government is to try to lower the unemployment rate by stimulating the growth of the money supply. An outcome of this strategy could possibly be a boos t in economic activity, but it doesn’t stabilize the rate for high unemployment. Even though bringing more money into the economy sounds like a legitimate reason to help a weakening economy, though it doesn’t mean it is a reasonable cure. Higher wages and prices could mean an unreasonable change in economic growth, which in turn can lead to inflation and businesses could stop hiring (Steele, 2008). By the federal government establishing the monetary policy, they are constantly looking for ways to keep the unemployment and inflation levels low. When there is a steady economy, reducing doubt in the marketplace is crucial for companies and its workers. This way more businesses and investment decisions can be made, which can lead to the hiring of more employees. Having stability allows the economy to grow and produce at high levels. Currently, the nation’s unemployment rate is at 9.8 percent. According to The Financial Pipeline (2009), many Americans have become frustrated when it comes to looking for work. In the U.S. employers cut 263,000 jobs last month and there were more than 200,000 layoffs for the month of August. Since the recession began there has been a loss of more than 7.2 million jobs. Those numbers are terribly high, and could possibly get worse. The high loss of jobs will affect consumer spending negatively. In order for the unemployment rate to improve, the industries of renewable energy, healthcare, and construction will have to experience a steady rate of growth (Ghatak Sanjers, 2009). Overall, in order to have a balance of a healthy economy and steady employment there has to be a steady pace of revenue, strong interest rates, and economic growth. The monetary policy is a reflection of the government’s ideal of regulation and trade within the economy. References Federal Reserve. (2009). Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco. Retrieved from www.frbsf.org Ghatak, S., Sanjers, W. (2007). Monetary policy rules in transition economies: the impact of ambiguity. International Journal of Development Issues, 6(1), 50-55. doi:Cengage Learning Steele, D. (2008). The alliance takes on the reserve bank and its effect on jobs. Monetary Policy and Employment. Retrieved from www.jobsletter.org.nz/jbl08410.htm The Financial Pipeline. (2009). Monetary Policy. Retrieved from www.finpipe.com Research Papers on Macroeconomic Impact on Business OperationsTwilight of the UAWPETSTEL analysis of IndiaQuebec and CanadaThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationAppeasement Policy Towards the Outbreak of World War 2Analysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalThe Project Managment Office SystemDefinition of Export QuotasGenetic Engineering

Forfeiture of Rockies Oil to its Interests in the Farmout Agreement Term Paper

Forfeiture of Rockies Oil to its Interests in the Farmout Agreement - Term Paper Example Rockies Oil should not forfeit its interest in the Farmout Agreement, as it is quite clear from current situation that Aussie Oil has succeeded in producing results and there are better chances in future, as the involved parties anticipate that Bigger Field will produce twice as much oil as expected. Previously Rockies Oil regarded that all their money got wasted because of failure of first two oil wells but with the recent success, the company has some hope in the newly drilled well and also the coming explorations. Therefore, the joint venture should be retained. As for now, Rockies Oil has not paid for the third well. Aussie Oil asked the company to pay $ 400,000 for the third well but it refused to pay because of previous failures. However, now, there can be some arbitration process hiring three arbitrators, one from Aussie Oil, one from Rockies Oil and one neutral to resolve the dispute so that Rockies Oil can get its share in the production of oil from the third well along with Bigger Field. Nevertheless, in this situation, the company has to bear the costs involved in digging the well and the coming costs for new tests. The fact should not be looked over that risks are involved in every business. MSOC (Molvanian State Oil Company) has refused to consent the assignment of Farmout interests to Rockies Oil because the company has not paid the costs for the third well and also refused to buy a new SUV to the Financial Officer of MSOC for inspecting Bigg and Bigger Fields. MSOC should be made to allow Rockies Oil to continue with the Farmout Agreement and for that, there should be some dealing with the company. A representative should be sent to sort out the issue with MSOC and the objections of the company should be notified and resolved accordingly. Rockies Oil after its merger with Scots Oil Co. can share the information about the third well because, after the merger, the new company will be its part then. Rockies Oil should  wait till the merger is finally done.  

SAMPLING Speech or Presentation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

SAMPLING - Speech or Presentation Example Simple random sample? Explain. This sampling plan results in a random sample, but not a simple random sample. The sample collected is a random sample because every school has the same chance of being selected. The sample is not a simple random sample because no teacher will be selected from schools that were not included in the ten schools selected. In other words, some schools have 100% representation in the sample while some schools have no representation at all. 4. A polling company obtains an alphabetical list of names of voters in a precinct. They select every 20th person from the list until a sample of 100 is obtained. They then call these 100 people. Does this sampling plan result in a random sample? Simple random sample? Explain. This sampling plan results in a random sample, but not a simple random sample. This is a case of systematic random sampling. This is a random sample because each person on the list has an equal chance of being selected. This is not a simple random sample because once the first person is selected, the rest of the selections are already determined. 5. The personnel manager at a company wants to investigate job satisfaction among the female employees. One evening after a meeting she talks to all 30 female employees who attended the meeting. Does this sampling plan result in a random sample? Simple random sample? Explain. No, this sampling plan does not result in a random sample and therefore not a simple random sample. This is a case of convenience sampling, as the personal manager only talks to all 30 female employees who attended the meeting that is whoever happens to be